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Cancer and exercise
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
Tormod S. Nilsen, Pernille Hojman, Henning Wackerhage
A patient’s cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as VO2max/VO2peak, has been reported to decrease between 5% and 26% during various systemic combinational treatment regimens in different cancer settings (91–93). This may recover shortly after treatment cessation (e.g. if the lower VO2peak is caused by reduced hemoglobin /Hb levels during treatment and the bone marrow is still intact). In other cases, the VO2peak may not recover (91, 94–96). It is well known that aerobic exercise training holds the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. In a 2018 meta-analysis, where 48 individual randomised controlled trials, comparing the change in cardiorespiratory fitness between cancer patients in an exercise group and a control group were included. The analysis showed a difference in mean change in VO2peak of 2.13 mL O2 × kg−1 × min−1 (95% CI, 1.58 to 2.67). Such improvements may be of clinical importance, as impaired cardiorespiratory fitness correlates with higher symptom burden (97) and poorer clinical outcomes (91, 98).
Participant pre-test preparation and evaluation
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Overall, there is a low risk of SCD and AMI associated with exercise. Adopting a progressive exercise prescription strategy for each participant reduces this risk even further. For instance, for a sedentary participant, it is recommended to commence exercise at a low to moderate intensity and progress over time as cardiorespiratory fitness increases (ACSM, 2018). Thorough screening and risk assessment, and exercise testing, allow for safer and more effective exercise prescription with informed individualised prescription of the frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise.
Physical inactivity and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Cardiorespiratory fitness measures how well the body takes oxygen and delivers it to the organs, tissues and muscles of the body during physical activity. It reflects the functional ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Sitting is associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, which means a person is at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including strokes and heart failure (Carter et al., 2017).
Mastering the Relationship between the Body and the Brain? The Case of a Female Master Athlete
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2023
Kathia Saillant, Brittany Intzandt, Béatrice Bérubé, Safa Sanami, Claudine Gauthier, Louis Bherer
Theoretically, MA could offer an effective model of optimal healthy aging to bridge this gap in knowledge, yet evidence is lacking (Lazarus & Harridge, 2017). Moreover, advancement is limited due to the absence of consensus on criteria to be considered as an MA (Dupuy et al., 2019). This lack of definition is exacerbated by the fact that the exact outcomes enhanced by the physiological benefits of physical activity are not fully understood (Valenzuela, Maffiuletti, Joyner, Lucia, & Lepers, 2020). Conversely, the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition has been well defined. Results from interventional studies suggest that aerobic training, through enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, enhances cognitive performances on different tasks, particularly executive functioning tasks. These benefits have been shown in older adults with different cognitive and physical conditions, such as frailty (Langlois et al., 2013). Furthermore, a recent study comparing older-old adults to younger-old adults show different relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition, suggesting there might be different mechanisms by which fitness impacts cognition depending on the stage of aging (Bherer et al., 2019).
Aquatic strength training improves postural stability and walking function in stroke patients
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Xudong Gu, Ming Zeng, Yao Cui, Jianming Fu, Yan Li, Yunhai Yao, Fang Shen, Ya Sun, Zhongli Wang, Dingyi Deng
Another strength of our study is the use of a specialized aquatic exercise training device (i.e aquatic quadriceps femoris training machine) in improving hydrotherapy efficacy and reducing the limitation of aquatic exercise. The aquatic quadriceps femoris training machine in this study was employed for lower extremity muscle strength training in conventional aquatic exercise. Designing different exercise methods under a water environment can allow for flexible graded exercises and lead to the improvement of the equilibrium function and walking function of stroke patients. Furthermore, according to feedback data on the treatments, patients undergoing water exercise showed mobility improvement and described a reduced fear of falling down (Devereux, Robertson, and Briffa, 2005; Mentiplay et al., 2015). Hydrotherapy allows stroke patients to receive equilibrium and gait training with greater resistance at an early stage and to further improve the strength of their lower extremity muscles including knee joint strength by using the aquatic quadriceps femoris training machine. This type of therapy can also improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients and promote functional activities. Thus, we suspected that aquatic strength training can improve postural balance and lower extremity motor functions in chronic stroke patients by affecting the psychology and physiology of patients, including fear, lower extremity muscle strength, cardiopulmonary function, etc. Of course, this hypothesis needs further verification.
Cultural validation and language translation of the scientific SCI exercise guidelines for use in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Yukio Mikami, Damayanti Tinduh, KunHo Lee, Chayaporn Chotiyarnwong, Jan W. van der Scheer, Kyung Su Jung, Hiroshi Shinohara, Inggar Narasinta, Seung Hyun Yoon, Napatpaphan Kanjanapanang, Takafumi Sakai, Martha K. Kusumawardhani, Jinho Park, Pannika Prachgosin, Futoshi Obata, Ditaruni Asrina Utami, Phairin Laohasinnarong, Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani, Siraprapa Limprasert, Fumihiro Tajima, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to the capacity of the respiratory and circulatory systems to transport oxygen from the atmosphere to skeletal muscle mitochondria to perform physical activity.3, 10 In SCI research settings, cardiorespiratory fitness is typically measured as the maximum volume of oxygen consumed from the peak work rate achieved on an arm ergometer.6 Muscular strength refers to the amount of external force that a muscle can exert.3 In SCI research, muscular strength is typically measured as the maximum amount of weight a person can lift with a particular muscle group, or the maximum amount of force that can be exerted by a particular muscle group.6 Cardiometabolic disease refers to a spectrum of health conditions that begin with insulin resistance, progress to metabolic syndrome (characterized by high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and obesity), pre-diabetes, and finally to more severe conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.4 Examples of cardiometabolic health and cardiometabolic disease indicators used in SCI research include fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, waist circumference, serum HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting triglycerides.6