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Diabetic Nephropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Generally, the prognosis for glomerular hypertension is good with adequate treatment. However, complications that can occur because of this condition along with systemic hypertension that give a worsened prognosis include renal failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy, aneurysm, congestive heart failure, and vascular dementia.
Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Dhwani Thakkar, Vandit Shah, Jigna Shah
The prevalence of hypertensive patients with genetic abnormalities is minor. Nevertheless, systemic hypertension is the major risk factor involved in cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, progressive renal damage, and peripheral vascular diseases. It is easily controlled by pharmacological agents, and these drugs are very successful in controlling systemic hypertension. However, long term management of systemic hypertension using gene transfer can improve the patient compliance. The viability of gene therapy is questioned because of its raveled and multifactorial etiology. Still there are certain mediators of gene therapy that effectively lower the systemic blood pressure. One of the methods of gene transfer is to increase the vasodilator protein by transferring the genes encoding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)35, adrenomedullin36, nitric-oxide synthase (e-NOS), and tissue kallikrein,37 which successfully reduced blood pressure in animal models. Another method uses anti-sense oligonucleotides against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin gene activating element, angiotensin type 1 receptor, adrenoreceptors, carboxypeptide Y, CYP4A1, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), TRH receptor, and c-fos focus on decreasing vasoconstrictor proteins. Both of the methods have shown promising results in the pre-clinical stage.34 However, no clinical trials are reported to investigate the effect of gene transfer on systemic hypertension until this date.
Genetics and metabolic disorders
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
3.27. Which of the following statements is/are true of individuals with Turner syndrome?They frequently present with ambiguous genitalia.At least 20% are fertile.There is an increased incidence of systemic hypertension.Puffy feet and hands can persist for longer than the first year.50% show a moderate degree of intellectual retardation.
Covered stent placement for treatment of coarctation of the aorta: immediate and long-term results
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2021
Jan Stassen, Pieter De Meester, Els Troost, Leen Roggen, Philip Moons, Marc Gewillig, Alexander Van De Bruaene, Werner Budts
Mean systolic and diastolic BP, measured at the right arm before stent implantation was 150 p < 0.001 vs pre-stent, for both). The criteria for systemic hypertension were met in 27.4% of the cases. At one-year follow-up, with a systolic upper-to-lower BP gradient of 10 p < 0.001 vs pre-stent, for both). The criteria for systemic hypertension were met in 22.9% of the patients. At latest follow-up, with a systolic upper-to-lower BP gradient of −7 p < 0.001 vs pre-stent, for both). At latest follow-up, 31.8% of the patients remained hypertensive. Data on SBP at different time points are plotted in Figure 1.
Evaluation of Diurnal Fluctuation in Parafoveal and Peripapillary Vascular Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Exfoliative Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Atılım Armağan Demirtaş, Mine Karahan, Sedat Ava, Çağla Çilem Han, Uğur Keklikçi
Verticchio et al.19 performed a study on 67 eyes of 40 participants (32 eyes of 21 individuals with OAG; 10 eyes of 6 individuals with OHT and 25 eyes of 13 healthy individuals). In this study, VD percentage and flow index at the site of ONH, and RPC were evaluated at different time points including 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, 16:00, and 18:00 throughout a day. Their findings corresponded to our findings that there was comparatively less variation in OCTA-derived parameters among the three groups; healthy individuals, OHT patients and OAG patients. Besides this, the diurnal variations in IOP, BP, and MOPP were also assessed. Although no difference was observed among the three groups with respect to values of the average mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MOPP, the individual IOP values recorded for each time point and average IOP value among the three groups showed statistical significance which is contrary to our findings. This is the point where our findings do not match with Verticchio’s findings. This may be due to different study designs of both studies. Systemic hypertension patients were also involved in their study. The impact exerted by topical and systemic drugs on IOP may be among the causes of the difference between the two studies. They concluded that unlike IOP, OCTA testing may be performed practically at any time during the day.
A Population-based Study on the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Age-related Macular Degeneration in Northern Iran the Gilan Eye Study
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2020
Hassan Behboudi, Homayoun Nikkhah, Yousef Alizadeh, Marzieh Katibeh, Mojgan Pakbin, Hamid Ahmadieh, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Ramin Nourinia, Saeed Karimi, Nazanin Behnaz, Golbarg Piryaiee, Mehdi Yaseri, Bahareh Kheiri, Siamak Moradian
Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined based on a previous diagnosis by a physician or fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥126 mg/dl If a participant was not fasting in 8 hours, then a random blood sugar (RBS) levels ≥200 mg/dl was considered.16 Systemic hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥135 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or a previous diagnosis by a physician.17 Cigarette smoking status was categorized into never smokers, current smokers (≥7 sticks a week), and past smokers (not smoking for the previous six months).18 Hyperlipidemia was determined as triglyceride (TG) or total cholesterol levels >150 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) >130 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <35 mg/dl, or a previous diagnosis by a physician.19 Myopia was specified as a spherical equivalent (SE) of −0.50D or less and hyperopia as SE of +0.50D or more.20 To assess sunlight exposure, the average outdoor working over the past years was considered and defined as either less than four hours or four hours or more.