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Musculoskeletal system
Published in Helen Butler, Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, Student Success in Anatomy - SBAs and EMQs, 2022
25 Which of the following is a branch of the internal carotid artery? Inferior hypophyseal arteryOphthalmic arteryCentral artery of the retinaMiddle cerebral arteryAll of the above
General Aspects of Endocrine Physiology
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The posterior pituitary derives its blood from the capillary plexus arising from the inferior hypophysial artery. The median eminence of the hypothalamus is the release centre for hypothalamic releasing factors and is supplied by branches of the superior hypophysial artery. The primary capillary plexus, arising from the superior hypophysial artery, forms the lesser portal veins, which give rise to a secondary capillary plexus that provides 90% of the blood supply of the anterior lobe.
Pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Location and anatomy of the pituitary make it particularly susceptible to injury. The pituitary gland, typically weighing less than 1 gram and measuring approximately 8 mm by 10 mm, is located within the sella turcica in the skull base and is tethered to the hypothalamus by the infundibular stalk.61 The pituitary gland primarily receives its blood supply from the internal carotid arteries. The long hypophyseal portal vessels, which arise above the diaphragm sella from the superior hypophyseal arteries, travel down the infundibulum to provide the anterior pituitary with 70% to 90% of its blood supply. The short hypophyseal portal vessels arise from the inferior hypophyseal artery, enter the sella from below the diaphragma sellae, and supply the gland with less than 30% of its vascular supply, predominantly in the medial portion.62–64
Hypophysitis related to immune checkpoint inhibitors: An intriguing adverse event with many faces
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Maria V Deligiorgi, Charis Liapi, Dimitrios T Trafalis
The aforementioned mechanisms may rationalize the predilection of ir hypophysitis for the anterior pituitary. An alternative explanation for this predilection is the distinct vascularity of the anterior pituitary, which renders it more vulnerable to immunotherapy compared to the posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is the most richly vascularized mammalian tissue receiving 0.8 ml/gr/min from a portal circulation linking the median eminence of hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Arterial blood is supplied by the superior, middle, and inferior hypophysial artery branches of the internal carotid arteries. The pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary are supplied directly from branches of the middle and inferior hypophysial arteries [27]. Contrary to the anterior pituitary that produces and secretes ACTH, LH/FSH, TSH, GH, PRL, the posterior pituitary secrets AVP stored in the distal axon terminals of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurons, the cell bodies of which synthesize AVP as a large precursor peptide [28].