China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lymphatic anatomy: lymphatics of the breast and axilla
Published in Charles F. Levenback, Ate G.J. van der Zee, Robert L. Coleman, Clinical Lymphatic Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers, 2022
The axillary sheath extends from the neck to the axilla and is surrounded by a layer of fascia. This sheath contains the great vessels and nerves of the upper extremities. The axillary artery is divided into three parts. The first segment, located medial to the pectoralis minor muscle, has the supreme thoracic branch. This segment supplies the first and second inter-costal spaces. The second segment, located posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle, contains the thoracoacromial trunk and the lateral thoracic artery branches. Located lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle is the third segment of the axillary artery. It has three branches, which are the anterior and posterior humoral circumflex arteries and the subscapular artery. The largest of the axillary branches is this subscapular artery. This artery branches into the subscapular circumflex and the thoracodorsal arteries, which are associated with the central and subscapular lymph nodes, which are described in more detail later in this chapter.
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
Fascia around the brachial plexus is called the axillary sheath and is a derivative of the prevertebral fascia. This covers the anterior vertebral muscles and lies on the anterior aspect of scalenus anterior and medius, thus forming the floor of posterior triangle of the neck. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery emerge between scalenus anterior and medius in the neck and pass behind the clavicle to reach the axilla. In the process, they carry an extension of prevertebral fascia over them as a cover (the axillary sheath) towards the axilla. Most of the nerves in the neck are behind the prevertebral fascia but the spinal accessory nerve lies superficial to it and is susceptible to damage.
Skin and soft tissue
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
The axillary vein lies on the medial side of the axillary artery in the apex of the axilla and is not invested by the fascia projected off the paravertebral fascia – the axillary sheath, and hence is free to expand. It receives the cephalic vein in its first part (above the pectoralis minor).
Effect of hyaluronidases added to different concentrations of bupivacaine on quality of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2021
Tarek Abdel Hay Mostafa, Alaa Mohammed Abo Hagar, Amany Faheem Abdel Salam Omara
De Jong [19] stressed the importance of adequate volume for the first time then Winnie [20] suggested that 0.5 ml per 2.54 cm of height was adequate volume to fill the axillary sheath. So, the present study evaluated the efficacy of hyaluronidase as an adjuvant to small volumes of bupivacaine in chronic renal failure patients scheduled for arteriovenous shunt creation surgery under ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block.