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Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Nowadays, abnormal blood lipids pose a threat to the health of young people, so they have attracted more and more attention (Li et al., 2012). Hyperlipidemia is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases (such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis and atherosclerosis) (Tangvarasittichai, 2017). Chemical drugs are used in clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia due to their therapeutic efficacy (Weintraub, 2013). However, different degrees of adverse reactions were observed during and after treatment (Egom and Hafeez, 2016). Considering the existing evidence that algae based diet can prevent hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis by changing cholesterol absorption and metabolism, so as to reduce the levels of plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mammals (Mohamed et al., 2012b).
Dyslipidemia
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Hyperlipidemia usually has a good prognosis if a healthy lifestyle is combined with statins or fibrates. Patients should be instructed about continuing these medications if they effectively manage the condition and there are no significant adverse effects. Some people, without education, reach target cholesterol levels and then mistakenly stop taking their medications. Prognosis is worsened if the patient does not adhere to the drug regimen, or treatment is started late in the disease process when complications have already started to develop.
Metabolic disorders and reticulohistiocytic proliferative disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Xanthelasma is a common form of xanthoma in which lesions appear as arcuate or linear yellowish soft plaques around the eyes (Figure 16.7). The condition is not associated with hyperlipidemia in 60–70% of patients. The lesions can be removed by surgical excision, electrocautery, or by topical treatment with trichloroacetic acid, if the patient finds them to be a cosmetic nuisance. However, they may often recur after treatment.
Pharmacological effects of Artocarpus lakoocha methanol extract on inhibition of squalene synthase and other downstream enzymes of the cholesterol synthesis pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Tasleem Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq, Muhammad Shahzad
Primary care physicians face many challenges in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. Presently, the main treatment for hyperlipidaemia is dietary therapy, quitting smoking, exercise, and medication. Nicotinic acids, statins, and bile acid masking agents are by far the most frequently used medications that can reduce blood lipid and lipoproteins. These medications are useful in preventing many types of CVDs (Zambon et al. 2014). Although they effectively modulate hyperlipidaemia in preclinical and clinical studies, liver and kidney toxicity cannot be ignored (Xu et al. 2014). Many researchers are working to find effective alternative medications for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. Medicinal plants and their derivatives are gaining popularity due to their versatility, safety, and cost-effectiveness. In recent years, many medicinal plants have received great attention in research for their lipid stabilising effects along with few side effects (Gao et al. 2018).
Reduced gut microbial diversity in familial hypercholesterolemia with no effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intervention – a pilot trial
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Christopher Storm-Larsen, Liv Nesse Hande, Martin Kummen, Hilde Thunhaug, Beate Vestad, Simen Hyll Hansen, Anders Hovland, Marius Trøseid, Knut Tore Lappegård, Johannes R. Hov
There is also an evolving interest in pharmacomicrobiomics, that is, how drugs act on the microbiota and vice versa. Some common drugs may even act, at least in part, by targeting the microbiota [8]. Statin therapy ranks second among drug classes associated with microbiota composition in population based studies, and has been associated with reduced alpha diversity and increased anti-inflammatory bacteria in cross-sectional studies [4,9]. In a recent randomized controlled trial with rosuvastatin, we found a reduction in inferred microbial genes related to metabolism and transport of pro-atherogenic metabolites in the Trimethylamin-N-Oxide (TMAO)-pathway, but limited effect on the gut microbiota composition [10]. Further, interventional trials have demonstrated enhanced lipid-lowering effect of statins in individuals with increased gut microbial diversity and higher abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium [11,12]. Similarly, regarding omega-3 PUFAs, data from mouse studies suggest that supplementation leads to gut microbiota alterations [13,14]. In humans, a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated a reversible increase in several short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria after eight weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs in 22 healthy volunteers with normal cholesterol levels [15]. These findings warrant further studies on individuals with hyperlipidemia.
Use of zoledronic acid in antiosteoporosis treatment is associated with a decreased blood lipid level in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a cohort study in China
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Wei Luo, Jin Zhang, Ling Xu, Yao Zhou, Dan Xu, Qiuju Lv, Yi Xiao, Qin Yang
Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease, may coexist with other metabolic diseases, such as, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This coexistence can be attributed to the common pathogenetic mechanisms or even cross-talk between these conditions and osteoporosis might also exist [6,7]. Menopausal transition also affects the cardiovascular system and body composition with differences in lipid profile. In a hypoestrogenic state, such as postmenopausal status, the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreases [8, 9]. Studies have shown that the bone mineral density (BMD) is negatively correlated with serum lipid levels (total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C) in postmenopausal women [8, 9]. Hyperlipidemia and associated lipid disorders are considered the major causes of cerebrovascular diseases, stroke, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and ischemic heart disease [9]. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme that plays an important role in the mevalonate pathway and is responsible for cholesterol synthesis [10,11].