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Dyslipidemia
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Though adverse effects are not common, statins may cause elevations of liver enzymes, myositis, or rhabdomyolysis. Serious liver toxicity is exceedingly rare. About 10% of patient complain of muscle problems, which may be dependent upon dose. Even without enzyme elevation, muscle symptoms can develop. Adverse effects mostly affect older patients, those with multiple conditions, and those on a multiple drug regimen. The fibrate that interacts worst with statins is gemfibrozil. Statins are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.
Gynaecology: Answers
Published in Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf, Get Through MRCOG Part 2: Short Answer Questions, 2020
Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf
This woman is significantly overweight. Cardiovascular risk factors include hypertension, obesity, hyperandrogenism, hyperlipidaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Elevation of some of these factors may put this patient at an increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis, which may result in myocardial infarction. Should her blood pressure persistently be >140/90 mmHg, she should be commenced on antihypertensives. Statins are not recommended routinely but may be prescribed by a specialist (5).
Oxidative stress and pre-eclampsia
Published in Pankaj Desai, Pre-eclampsia, 2020
It is relevant to introduce at this point that statins have been promoted for use in pre-eclampsia increasingly in last decade. Statins are a group of drugs, which act to reduce levels of cholesterol in the blood. Work on use of statins in pregnancy especially in obese subjects began as early as in 1979.5 However, it is only in the last decade or a few years before that more and more studies were published on their use. Use of these agents in pre-eclampsia, especially its prevention in obese subjects, will be discussed in greater detail in the chapter in prevention of pre-eclampsia.
Simvastatin Attenuates Glucocorticoid-Induced Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Dysfunction via YAP/TAZ Inactivation
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Hannah Yoo, Ayushi Singh, Haiyan Li, Ana N. Strat, Tyler Bagué, Preethi S. Ganapathy, Samuel Herberg
Statins are widely used cholesterol-lowering oral medications for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.24 They block the conversion of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway.25 Emerging clinical reports suggest that ocular hypertensive/glaucoma patients have higher total cholesterol levels than patients without glaucoma.26,27 Statin use has also been associated with a reduced risk of primary open-angle glaucoma development and progression in some studies,28–33 possibly contributed to by statins’ pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative benefits. Yet, mechanistic details underlying this potential protective effect in relation to tissues/cells of the outflow tract are incompletely understood.
Statin adherence in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Yusuf Cetin Doganer, Umit Aydogan, Umit Kaplan, Suat Gormel, James Edwin Rohrer, Uygar Cagdas Yuksel
Statins must be taken daily for at least 1–2 years to observe the net clinical benefits of preventing major cardiovascular events [9]. However, despite effective and well-tolerated pharmacological agents, the LDL-C values of most patients receiving lipid-lowering treatment are not under control [10–12]. The most important reasons for not achieving LDL-C goals include poor adherence to treatment, the ineffectiveness of current treatments, and variability in the treatment response of patients [13]. Nevertheless, the critical factor in statin therapy is medication adherence with the effectiveness of all pharmacological treatments [14,15]. In a study analyzing the effect of lipid-lowering therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, it was found that 60% of patients discontinued statin treatment within the first 6 months [16]. In another study that included patients with CAD receiving statin medication, the adherence rate to drug therapy was only 53.3% [17].
Personalized treatment selection using observational data
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2023
K. B. Kulasekera, Sudaraka Tholkage, Maiying Kong
In this section, we illustrate the use of our proposed method for the variety of choices using an observational data set obtained from a computerized pharmacy database on statin use [10]. Statins are one of most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering medications to help reduce cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The primary objective of the study done by Joosten et al. [10] was to evaluate the association between statin use and cognitive function. According to the literature, statin use has been recommended over a longer period to have a positive effect on cognitive function. Therefore, long-term observational studies are preferred to evaluate statin use on cognitive function since RCTs of longer duration are generally not feasible. Our objective in this analysis is merely to show the applicability of our method using this data set. We are not critiquing medical aspects of the above study in our discussion below.