China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Acute and subacute autonomic neuropathy: Mainly adrenergic manifesting as predominantly orthostatic intolerance.Predominantly cholinergic resulting in gastrointestinal, pupillary, and sweating disorders.Acute pandysautonomia, (equivalent to Guillain–Barré syndrome restricted to the autonomic nervous system).2
Evaluation and management of syncope and related disorders in the elderly
Published in Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Michael W. Rich, Tresch and Aronow’s Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, 2019
Andrea Ungar, Martina Rafanelli, Michele Brignole
The circulatory autonomic causes of orthostatic intolerance include initial OH (IOH), classical OH (COH), and delayed OH (DOH) (1). Initial OH is represented by a BP decrease of >40 mmHg for SBP and/or >20 mmHg for DBP within 15 seconds of standing, with quick and spontaneous recovery, which is detectable by beat-to-beat BP monitoring (1). IOH may have implications in older adults, particularly when on cardiovascular medications (26); approximately 15% of long-term care residents fall after rising to standing (27), and initial OH could potentially exacerbate this falling risk.
Autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies
Published in John O'Brien, Ian McKeith, David Ames, Edmond Chiu, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease Dementia, 2005
Rose Anne Kenny, Louise M Allan
The importance of the ANS is often only appreciated when it is not functioning adequately. Patients with orthostatic intolerance due to generalized autonomic failure have a recognizable pattern of symptoms and aggravating factors that relate to the severity of autonomic failure (Low et al, 1995) (Table 8.1). The commonest symptoms of autonomic failure are orthostatic dizziness, syncope and fatigue. Syncope and falls in older adults are often indistinguishable and in fact are manifestations of similar pathophysiological processes. Up to one-third of cognitively normal older adults have retrograde amnesia for witnessed loss of consciousness (Kenny and Traynor, 1991). Falls in the elderly can therefore be due to unrecognized syncope. Orthostatic hypotension can present with falls alone in the elderly (Ward and Kenny, 1996).
Autonomic symptoms and associated factors in patients with chronic heart failure
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Hellen Da Silva, Sofie Pardaens, Marc Vanderheyden, Johan De Sutter, Heleen Demeyer, Michel De Pauw, Laurent Demulier, Jan Stautemas, Patrick Calders
The Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS 31) is a short-form questionnaire used to assess the distribution, severity, and frequency of autonomic symptoms. This questionnaire is a validated, easy-to-administer tool to assess autonomic symptoms, which has already been used in different chronic populations [8,17]. The questionnaire contains 31 questions, divided into six subdomains: (i) orthostatic intolerance (four questions); (ii) vasomotor (three questions); (iii) secretomotor (four questions); (iv) gastrointestinal (12 questions); (v) bladder (three questions) and (vi) pupillomotor function (five questions). The total score provides a continuum score from 0 to 100 points with a higher score representing more autonomic symptoms and with a maximum weighted score for orthostatic intolerance of 40, vasomotor of 5, secretomotor of 15, gastrointestinal of 25, bladder of 10, and pupillomotor function of 5 [17,18].
The Cardiac Autonomic Response Recovery to the Modified Tilt Test in Children Post Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Gilad Sorek, Isabelle Gagnon, Kathryn Schneider, Mathilde Chevignard, Nurit Stern, Yahaloma Fadida, Liran Kalderon, Sharon Shaklai, Michal Katz-Leurer
Studies have assessed the CACS response to the tilt test in the context of orthostatic intolerance (OI) (8–10). The most common forms of OI in pediatrics include orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal syncope, and postural tachycardia syndrome (10,11). Patients with OI usually present CACS dysfunction and report symptoms of “near-fainting,” visual difficulties, lightheadedness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, weakness or nausea that occur during or after postural changes (12). A high prevalence (70%) of children and adolescents who reported persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) after a sports-related concussion (SRC) reported symptoms and showed abnormal physiological response during the tilt test (13). In another study, 30% of the children after SRC who reported symptoms met OI criteria during orthostatic challenge (12).
Message from the Guest Editors
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2022
The aim of this special edition is to bring awareness of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) to the occupational therapy community, platform emerging research in occupational therapy, and most importantly offer clinical guidelines to integrate POTS into occupational therapy practice. POTS is a multisystem autonomic disorder characterized by both cardiac and non-cardiac symptoms that affect overall functioning. Symptoms associated with orthostatic intolerance include tachycardia, palpitations, chest discomfort, and lightheadedness. The diagnostic criteria include an excessive increase in heart rate (≥30 beats per minute in adults or ≥40 bpm for adolescents) within 10 minutes of positional change (standing or upright head tilt) in the absence of meeting criteria for orthostatic hypotension (sustained decrease in blood pressure of ≥20mm Hg systolic or ≥10mm Hg diastolic) or other cause for sinus tachycardia (Vernino et al., 2021). In addition to the symptoms occurring with positional changes, individuals with POTS often experience headaches, fatigue, pre-syncope or syncope, temperature intolerance, sleep disturbance, exercise intolerance neurocognitive impairment, gastrointestinal issues, and bladder dysfunction (Raj et al., 2020).