China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension
Published in Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Anna F. Dominiczak, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 2019
Bryan Williams, Giuseppe Mancia, Wilko Spiering, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Michel Azizi, Michel Burnier, Denis L. Clement, Antonio Coca, Giovanni de Simone, Anna F. Dominiczak, Thomas Kahan, Felix Mahfoud, Josep Redon, Luis M. Ruilope, Alberto Zanchetti, Mary Kerins, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Reinhold Kreutz, Stéphane Laurent, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Richard McManus, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Frank Ruschitzka, Roland E. Schmieder, Evgeny Shlyakhto, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Victor Aboyans, Ileana Desormais
Cardiovascular risk is strongly influenced by age (i.e. older people are invariably at high absolute cardiovascular risk). In contrast, the absolute risk of younger people, particularly younger women, is invariably low, even in those with a markedly abnormal risk factor profile. In the latter, relative risk is elevated even if absolute risk is low. The use of ‘cardiovascular risk age’ has been proposed as a useful way of communicating risk and making treatment decisions, especially for younger people at low absolute risk but with high relative risk [35]. This works by illustrating how a younger patient (e.g. a 40-year-old) with risk factors but low absolute risk has a cardiovascular risk equivalent to a much older person (60 years) with optimal risk factors; thus, the cardiovascular risk age of the younger patient is 60 years. The cardiovascular risk age can be automatically calculated using HeartScore (www.heartscore.org).
Association between apnea-hypopnea index and coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Wen Hao, Xiao Wang, Jingyao Fan, Yaping Zeng, Hui Ai, Shaoping Nie, Yongxiang Wei
The flow diagram of study selection is shown in Figure 1. A total of 3325 articles were initially screened using titles and abstracts, of which 3259 were excluded. After full-text review of the remaining of 66 articles, 53 studies were excluded, and the reasons for exclusion are shown in Figure 1. Therefore, 13 articles were included in the systematic review [16–20,28–35]. Subjects in Matthews et al. [35], Luyster et al. [34], and Shipilsky et al. [30] were recruited from the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (HeartSCORE) study; among these, Shipilsky et al. [30] was the only study not included in the meta-analysis. Seo et al. [19] and Hamaoka et al. [31] reported data in a form that could not be pooled with data from the other studies. Ultimately, 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis.
When are the cardiovascular and stroke risks too high? Pharmacotherapy for stroke prophylaxis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Antonio Gómez-Outes, Mª Luisa Suárez-Gea, Jose Manuel García-Pinilla
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) strategy [13]. SCORE is a CVD risk assessment system that is based on data from 12 European cohort studies (N = 205,178), including about 3-million person-years of observation and 7934 fatal CV events (Table 1). There are 2 separate scores adapted to low-risk and high-risk regions as well as to 13 specific countries. Covariates include age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and smoking status. The SCORE risk predicts the 10-year fatal CV events [risk of death due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke can be derived separately]. However, non-fatal first CV events are not counted. This is an important limitation for a risk score to be used in primary prevention. Other limitations include the relatively narrow age range in which it is applicable (40–65) and that it does not consider the presence of DM among the risk covariates. According to the estimated risk, low- to moderate-risk persons (calculated SCORE <5%) should be offered lifestyle advice to maintain their low- to moderate-risk status. High-risk persons (calculated SCORE ≥5% and <10%) qualify for intensive lifestyle advice and may be candidates for drug treatment. In very-high-risk persons (calculated SCORE ≥10%), drug treatment is more frequently required. Preventive and treatment recommendations, depending on the risk factors identified, are given in the corresponding interactive web tool called Heartscore® (ESC) (Table 1).
The effect of lifestyle physical activity in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors (blood pressure and cholesterol) in women: A systematic review
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2021
Ayşe Dağıstan Akgöz, Zeynep Ozer, Sebahat Gözüm
It is important to determine the risk of CVD in women between the ages of 40–65 since it is a time of both physical and social changes related to the transition from adulthood to elderly (Stewart et al., 2018). The use of the “HeartScore” risk assessment tool proposed by the European Society of Cardiology to determine this risk in women allows women to know their CVD risks and take responsibility for their health. The HeartScore risk assessment tool predicts fatal cardiovascular disease events over a period of ten years based on risk factors such as gender, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and TC (European Society of Cardiology (ESC), 2009). Physical activity reduces total CVD risk by lowering blood pressure and TC parameters in HeartScore (Piepoli et al., 2016).