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The Role of Flaxseed Micronutrients and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Blood Vessel and Heart Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The adequacy of the pumping action of the heart is determined by what is known as the “ejection fraction”—that is, the amount—percentage actually—of blood that is pumped out (or ejected) by each contraction of the ventricle as a bolus into the aorta and thus into the bloodstream. The left ventricle does not eject all the blood it contains with each contraction and so the efficiency of the heart is determined by the percentage of the blood it contains that is actually “ejected” into the blood circulation with each beat. A normal heart ejection fraction may be between 50% and 70%. Ejection fraction under 40% may be evidence of “heart failure.”
Applications of Health Data
Published in Disa Lee Choun, Anca Petre, Digital Health and Patient Data, 2023
For example, consider the Mayo Clinic developing and commercializing AI-enabled algorithms for early detection of conditions like a weak heart pump, silent arrhythmias, or a thickened heart pump before they pose a risk to developing stroke or heart failure. They use clinical data analytics platforms, including raw electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, to unlock hidden biomedical knowledge and enable early detection as well as accelerate treatment of heart disease. One research was ECG AI-Guided Screening for Low Ejection Fraction (EAGLE). It aimed at determining whether an AI-enabled ECG algorithm trial could help improve the diagnosis of this condition. It detected patients with low ejection fraction. This is a measurement of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction. A lower-than-normal ejection fraction can be a sign of heart failure.20 Early diagnosis can be key to effective treatment. AI cardiology allows doctors to spend more time with their patients and improves the shared decision-making process. Preventing heart problems and detecting failures sooner.
Exercise and Rehabilitation in Heart Failure
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Audrey Borghi-Silva, Flávia Rossi Caruso, Renata Gonçalves Mendes
Currently, it is recommended to introduce aerobic and resistance (combined) training programs with moderate to high intensities (40–80% of maximum HR) for aerobic exercise. For resistance training, an intensity between 60% and 65% of 1-repetition maximum and two to three times a week is recommended. The total period of the training program is recommended from six to 26 weeks. Tables 11.3 and 11.4 summarize randomized, controlled studies involving exercise interventions in HF patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction.
Additive prognostic value of high baseline coronary flow velocity to ejection fraction during resting echocardiography: 3-year prospective study
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Angela Zagatina, Olesya Guseva, Elena Kalinina, Fausto Rigo, Martin Caprnda, Jan Masan, Katarina Gazdikova, Peter Firment, David Ullrich, Ludovit Gaspar, Peter Kruzliak, Dmitry Shmatov
Ejection fraction is a parameter that has traditionally been used for prognostic aims during echocardiography. However, it is known that its prognostic role is accurate only if EF has clearly decreased. So, in the large group of patients who had no prior myocardial infarction, with normal EF but with severe narrowing of main coronary arteries, it was impossible to predict a high risk of adverse coronary events in the near future with transthoracic echocardiography at rest. The present study demonstrates the statistically significantly higher predictive accuracy of using coronary artery scan in comparison with traditional EF in the whole group and in the subgroups with different degrees of decreasing EF. Traditional echocardiography does not provide prognostic information in a patient with coronary artery disease, including symptom or non-symptom forms, if ejection fraction is in the normal range. The coronary velocity parameters give long-term prognostic information that can be used to identify persons with a high risk of major adverse cardiac events in consecutive non-selected patients.
The relationship between six-minute walked distance and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2022
Charlotta Lans, Åsa Cider, Eva Nylander, Lars Brudin
In all studies on training in heart failure some patient selection would be inevitable e.g. the ability and willingness to participate may exclude the most symptomatic patients. We also excluded several comorbidities, which also would tend to select a better performing population, than the unselected heart failure population in clinical practice. On the other hand, this would make it possible to analyze the training effect with less confounders. Doherty et al. [30] showed that patients with HF and comorbidities, walked 42 m shorter than patients with less comorbidity. Among the inclusion criteria were being in NYHA class II or III. This might seem contradictory to the achieved walking distance of 92% of reference as a median value, but the NYHA classification is by its nature subjective, and takes other aspects than the pure physical ability to walk a certain distance into account. This study included patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Although patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction would also have been interesting to study, with the limited number of patients that was possible to train and evaluate simultaneously, we decided that this would not be possible within the framework of one study.
High-intensity interval training and pulmonary hemodynamics in COPD with hypoxemia
Published in European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2021
Lars Aakerøy, Ester Alfer Nørstebø, Karen Marie Thomas, Espen Holte, Knut Hegbom, Eivind Brønstad, Sigurd Steinshamn
The improvement in exercise capacity in our study cannot be explained by changes in pulmonary hemodynamics or lung function and is therefore likely due to other mechanisms. Ejection fraction has previously been shown to improve after interval training in e.g. heart failure [32] and moderate COPD [33], and the improvement found in our study may be a mechanism explaining the increased exercise capacity. However, echocardiography in patients with COPD and hyperinflation is known to be difficult [34] and the observed increase in ejection fraction, although statistically significant, is of uncertain clinical significance. In addition, as no statistical correction was made for multiple comparisons, this result should be interpreted with further caution. Peripheral adaptation of skeletal muscle [35], which could be due to e.g. improved skeletal muscle oxidative capacity [36], an increase in type I and IIa muscle fibres [37], or a combination of the two or other factors, may also be an explanation for the improved functional performance. On a cellular level, it could be speculated that one linking mechanism might be endothelial dysfunction, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology and attenuation of several extrapulmonary effects in animal [38] and human studies [39]. The exact mechanisms for improvement in exercise capacity in our study remain unclear.