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Biochemistry of Exercise Training and Mitigation of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Barry A. Franklin, John C. Quindry
A landmark observational study of 5,446 older men and women (≥65 years) investigated associations of leisure-time physical activity and the incidence of AF (109). Overall, 20% of the study subjects developed AF during a 12-year follow-up. As compared with no regular exercise, AF incidence was lower with light- and moderate-intensity physical activity (HR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.89), particularly leisure-time activity and walking, but not with high-intensity exercise (HR, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.64–1.19), demonstrating that in older adults exercise intensity showed the familiar J-shaped relationship with the risk of AF (Figure 29.4). The investigators concluded that up to one-fourth of new cases of AF in older adults may be attributed to their sedentary lifestyle and that regular walking at a light-to-moderate intensity and distance may be helpful in preventing this common and potentially serious heart arrhythmia.
Urinary system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The power setting should be set low to start with. This is for two reasons. Firstly, if the patient is receiving a conscious sedation rather than a general anaesthetic, a high-power shock could startle them and cause pain. Also, it is possible to break a larger stone into two or three smaller stones that will be hard to target. Once treatment has begun, the power can be increased gradually (every 500 shocks) until the treatment power is reached. The best shock rate for treatment remains undecided. Initially the treatment rate for ESWL was set to match a patient’s heart rate as it was believed that the shock waves may cause heart arrhythmia. This was discovered to rarely be the case so shock waves were no longer synchronised with heart rate. To speed up treatment, faster shock rates were used as it was thought that the more shocks administered, the greater the fragmentation would be. Previous research has compared 60 to 120 shocks per minute and various conclusions have been drawn from these. Those are, in reality, the two extremes of the scale. A rate of 60–70 per minute is likely to be the most effective.
Solanine (Nightshade Glycoalkaloids)
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Filomena Lelario, Laura Scrano, Sabino Aurelio Bufo, Maryam Bader, Donia Karaman, Ameen Thawabteh, Rafik Karaman
Clinical features of solanine toxicity are primarily displayed by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Symptoms are usually initiated 8–12 hours after ingestion and include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, burning of the throat, heart arrhythmia, headache, and dizziness. In severe toxicity, hallucinations, loss of sensation, paralysis, fever, jaundice, dilated pupils, and hypothermia coma and death may occur [45,46].
Anticalin® proteins: from bench to bedside
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Friedrich-Christian Deuschle, Elena Ilyukhina, Arne Skerra
One of the first Anticalins with therapeutic potential was selected on the basis of the BBP with sub-nanomolar affinity against the heart glycoside digitalis [16]. While this plant steroid is traditionally used for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and congestive heart failure, its therapeutic window is narrow and cases of accidental or intentional overdosing are common. After intravenous administration of the cognate Anticalin [30], dubbed ‘DigiCal’, in a rat model of digitalis overdose the concentration of free digoxin in plasma was lowered beneath the toxicity threshold within a very short period of time as a consequence of tight complex formation. Thus, DigiCal can effectively compete with the inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase in the cardiocyte plasma membrane by digoxin, scavenge the poison and direct its renal excretion. Indeed, a positive dose-dependent effect on the overall survival, heart arrhythmia as well as hemodynamics was observed.
Combining magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia for localized and image-guided treatment
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Yao Lu, Angelie Rivera-Rodriguez, Zhi Wei Tay, Daniel Hensley, K.L. Barry Fung, Caylin Colson, Chinmoy Saayujya, Quincy Huynh, Leyla Kabuli, Benjamin Fellows, Prashant Chandrasekharan, Carlos Rinaldi, Steven Conolly
To minimize morbidity and mortality of more invasive treatments, hyperthermia has evolved to be an active research area. Here, heat is used to irreversibly damage the pathological targets. Hyperthermia has been used to treat heart arrhythmia, cauterize the endometrial wall, cauterize arteriovenous malformations to prevent hemorrhagic strokes, and to treat metastatic and recurrent tumors. Heat can be generated in many different ways, including use of ultrasound, radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields [2], and lasers. However, many of these methods have significant depth or focus limitations. For example, laser light is typically used for surface treatments due to penetration limitations. Small RF catheters can apply localized heating, but with additional invasiveness. The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coupled with alternating magnetic fields, known as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), has shown great promise in cancer research with the potential to overcome many of the limitations presented by other hyperthermia techniques.
Why the Duty to Research Falls on Institutions Rather Than Individuals
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2019
Victor Laurion, Christopher Robertson
More broadly, this differentiation between producing knowledge and applying it is consistent with economic theory about the value of specialization to achieve both greater efficiencies and better outcomes. In law we have both litigators and dealmakers. For producing automobiles, we have both engineers and accountants. Within medicine, we have specialties like cardiology and dermatology. If we asked a cardiologist to diagnose a melanoma, or asked a dermatologist to diagnose a heart arrhythmia, they might come up with answers, but they are unlikely to be as fast or as accurate as the specialists working within their own domains of expertise. And we must not forget that while those dermatologists were trying their hand at cardiology (and vice versa) their actual patients, within their specialties, were going without care. With only so many hours in a day, we need clinicians working in their most effective roles.