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Structured Exercise, Lifestyle Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Barry A. Franklin, Thomas F. O’Connell
The most effective exercises for the endurance or conditioning phase include walking, graded walking, jogging, running, stationary cycle ergometry, combined arm-leg ergometry, outdoor cycling, swimming, rope skipping, and rowing. Complementary PA recommendations include resistance training (Grafe et al., 2018; Jurca et al., 2005; McCartney et al., 1993; Williams et al., 2007) and increased lifestyle activity (Andersen et al., 1999; Dunn et al., 1999), both of which provide independent and additive benefits to an aerobic exercise regimen. To improve aerobic capacity or CRF, the “minimum” or threshold intensity for training is ~40−50% of the VO2max, which corresponds to ~60−70% of the highest heart rate achieved during maximal or peak exercise testing. For patients who have not undergone recent exercise testing, we recommend the standing resting heart rate plus 20 to 30 beats/minute for the initial exercise intensity, using signs/symptoms and perceived exertion as additional intensity modulators (Franklin & Zhu, 2021). Over time, the exercise intensity should be gradually increased to 50−80% of aerobic capacity, which approximates 70−85% of the highest heart rate attained during exercise testing.
Community- and Home-Based Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
If the patient has any of the following conditions, it is not recommended to carry out the above rehabilitation treatment. Resting heart rate > 100 beats/min.Blood pressure < 90/60 mmHg or > 140/90mmHg, or blood pressure fluctuation exceeding 20 mmHg of baseline, accompanied by obvious uncomfortable symptoms such as dizziness and headache.Blood oxygen saturation ≤ 95%.Other diseases that are unsuitable for exercise are combined.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Sinus tachycardia is a regular heart beat that originates from the sinoatrial node, but at a rate faster than 100 beats per minute (please see Figure 6.27). The resting heart rate will not normally be above 100 beats per minute, so the patient should be carefully assessed to determine the cause of the tachycardia. Sinus tachycardia is non-paroxysmal, that is, it doesn’t start or end abruptly, which is a feature of other tachy-arrhythmias. It would seem logical that an increased heart rate would always improve cardiac output and tissue perfusion, but this is not always the case. You may remember that the heart spends a larger proportion of the cardiac cycle in diastole, the filling phase. As the heart rate increases, it is the diastolic phase which shortens, and as the rate moves towards 140, the time for ventricular filling significantly reduces, so cardiac output may fall. Shortened diastole can also lead to a reduction in coronary artery blood flow, resulting in angina, increasing areas of myocardial ischaemia and infarction as the oxygen supply cannot meet the demand of the rapidly contracting myocardium. Ensuring that the patient is not hypoxaemic and is adequately filled, or not dehydrated, is a good starting point.
Breathing rate estimation based on multiple linear regression
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
At rest, heart movement is approximately periodic. The PPG feature points reflect changes in breathing intensity, because breathing modulates the heart rate. PPG cardiovascular data reflect the effects of breathing. Normally, the breathing rate at rest is 12–25 bpm (Dash et al. 2010) and the resting heart rate is approximately 60–100 beats per minute. One breath requires 2.4–5 s and one heartbeat 0.6–1 s. The breath duration is often more than twice that of a heartbeat; the breathing rate changes more slowly than the heartbeat (Nemati et al. 2013). Extraction of variability signals is analogous to resampling the PPG data. In terms of resampling accuracy, according to the Nyquist sampling theorem, the feature sequence formed by extracting features from each cardiac cycle of the PPG reflects the periodic characteristics of breathing (Amoore et al. 1996).
Using Fitbit data to monitor the heart rate evolution patterns of college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Cheng Wang, Omar Lizardo, David S. Hachen
The human heart beats about 100 thousand times in one day, about 35 million times in a year, and more than 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime.1 In humans, the basal and non-basal heart rate decreases from infancy to late adolescence and then stabilizes in adulthood,2 with heart rate variation declining with increasing age.3 The heart rate is an important biological marker and one of the vital signs public health workers use to monitor the health of a community. Dysregulation in the heart rate, in the form of excessive or narrow heart rate variability (HRV), or excessively high resting heart rate (as measured by beats per minute), has been linked to a variety of negative health outcomes, including, inter alia, hypertension and early (all-cause and cardiovascular) mortality.4
Preconceptual leptin levels in gestational diabetes and hypertensive pregnancy
Published in Hypertension in Pregnancy, 2022
Antti Peltokorpi, Lisinen Irina, Viikari Liisa, Kaaja Risto
Mendoza et al. (26) reported higher RHR in pregnant women at <28 gestational weeks as a risk factor for GDM. Our study didn’t find association between pre-pregnancy measured RHR and GDM. Resting heart rate could indicate, although not as a perfect indicator, sympathetic activity especially at heart level. Increased central sympathetic activity as an inducer of increased insulin resistance, seems to prevail after pre-eclamptic pregnancy (27). Positive correlation between resting heart rate and circulating leptin, independent of BMI, have been demonstrated in a study consisting of 2264 males and 2545 females (28). Our results were similar as we found an interesting, yet mild correlation between leptin and RHR in our healthy subjects (Spearman correlation = 0.20; p = 0.015) To be noted, correlation wasn’t significant in GDM group (Spearman correlation = 0.049; p = 0.69), due to which leptin’s inducing effect on RHR and sympathetic activity in association with subsequent GDM cannot be claimed by our results. This raises the question whether individuals with subsequent GDM, had suppressed leptin’s impact on RHR.