China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Motion of blood in the venous system—novel findings
Published in Dinker B. Rai, Mechanical Function of the Atrial Diastole, 2022
t1 records the transit time of technetium or the circulation time of blood beginning at the injection site of the femoral artery and ending at the selected site of the ipsilateral iliac vein. Although blood has a different velocity as it traverses to the arterial capillary and venous segment of its passage, t1 represents the average velocity. Among the patients studied there was only one patient with mixed etiology in whom the velocity was decreased by both arterial and venous disease. The remaining patients had normal arterial circulation as documented by the ankle-brachial index. The prolonged t1 was caused by decreased velocity of the blood in the venous segment of its passage.
Alar Base Surgery
Published in Suleyman Tas, Rhinoplasty in Practice, 2022
The LANM is innervated by the zygomatic and superior buccal branches of the facial nerve. Arterial circulation is provided by the infraorbital branch of the facial artery and maxillary artery. In daily life, this muscle forms the facial expressions related to sneering and snoring. Previous electromyographic studies have revealed that the LANM is primarily a mimetic muscle and has no functional contribution [10]. Again, if functional loss is suspected, the risk can be eliminated by placing a rim graft on the side where the muscle is dissected.
Central Blood Pressure
Published in Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Anna F. Dominiczak, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 2019
Stéphane Laurent, Cristina Giannattasio
The gold standard for measuring blood pressure (BP) and diagnosing hypertension is the brachial cuff, thus favouring a distal site accessible to noninvasive measurement. However, two concepts have gained an important audience recently: pressure amplification between central and peripheral arteries, and higher damaging effect of local BP than brachial BP on target organs in hypertensive patients. An increasing number of physiological studies, as well as pathophysiological, epidemiological and pharmacological studies, have underlined the importance of measuring not only brachial systolic and pulse pressures, but also central systolic and pulse pressures. The aims of this chapter are (a) to detail the hemodynamic characteristics of the arterial circulation in order to explain why it is important to measure central BP, (b) to describe the various noninvasive methods currently available to measure central BP, (c) to discuss the concepts of intermediate and surrogate endpoints in order to determine if they are applicable to central BP, and (d) to describe how drugs can reduce abnormally high central BP.
Behcet disease: an undifferentiating and complex vasculitis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Behçet Disease is a relapsing and remitting auto-inflammatory vasculitis characterized by mucocutaneous ulcers and various other organ involvement. It is unique among the vasculitides in that it can affect vessels of small, medium, and large size and tends to involve venous rather than arterial circulation. Classically seen in Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and Asian countries, prevalence has been increasing in the United States, where females are more commonly affected and the mean age of presentation is 40–60. However, males have the more severe disease course and experience increased morbidity and mortality. Important manifestations are oral and genital ulcers, along with skin ulcers, uveitis, erythema nodosum, deep vein thrombosis, arthritis, and pulmonary artery aneurysms. Neurologic, gastrointestinal, and cardiac involvement is less common but associated with more severe disease. The presence of HLA-B51 and ERAP-1 is associated with a genetic predisposition for developing Behçet disease, due to activation and dysregulation of the immune system. Therapy is focused on reducing inflammatory activity through the use of steroids, DMARDs, and biologic immunosuppressants. Early diagnosis and treatment is key to successful outcomes and better prognosis.
Effect of Aspirin Use on clinical Outcome among Critically Ill Patients with COVID- 19
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Rania M. Ali, Ayman I. Tharwat, Heba A. Labib
Noteworthy in the present study, invasive ventilatory support and ARDS were significantly less frequent among patients who received aspirin and particularly who were older than 60 years. Additionally, we found that all patients who were given aspirin had lower rates of DVT, PE, and stroke. These reductions were particularly noticeable in patients between the ages of 40 and 79 for DVT and PE and 40 and 59 for stroke. This could be because of aspirin’s non-exclusive effect on arterial circulation. Aspirin has been demonstrated to decrease the risk of recurrent DVT [16,17] as well as the risk of PE after arthroplasty [18]. Age-related increases in COVID-19 mortality have been shown in several studies [19,20]. In one study, aspirin use on the first day of hospitalization was associated with lower in-hospital mortality only in patients older than 60 with moderate COVID-19 [6]. The results of this study are consistent with these findings, which should provide further insight on the role of aspirin at that specific age group. Even though patients with COVID-19 are typically hypercoagulable, aspirin may increase the risk of bleeding, particularly when combined with systemic heparinization. Patients using aspirin in our study did not significantly show a rise in major bleeding. The results of other studies [4,6,12] support this observation. Consequently, given that the risk of death and severe COVID-19 variants rises with advancing age, aspirin’s potential benefits in this high-risk group of people should be considered.
Impact of acute kidney injury on the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Yunfeng Ning, Xiaoyue Zou, Jing Xu, Xiao Wang, Min Ding, Hulin Lu
Advanced stages of cirrhosis are often accompanied by the impairment of renal function [5]. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis may be caused by different factors. Some of these include decreased renal perfusion due to gastrointestinal bleeding, use of diuretics, diarrhea due to the use of lactulose or infections, and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) characterized by renal vasoconstriction [5–7]. The pathophysiology of the AKI-HRS is related to disturbances in arterial circulation secondary to portal hypertension. The ensuing splanchnic pooling of blood reduces the effective circulating blood volume and, consequently, renal perfusion [8]. The diagnosis of AKI in patients with cirrhosis is challenging as there is fluid overload and high bilirubin levels that tend to interfere with creatinine assays [9].