China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Angina Pectoris
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Angina pectoris is chest pain that occurs when the coronary blood supply is temporarily insufficient to meet the oxygen needs of the heart muscle (hypoxia). The pain can be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness or tightening in the chest. Angina is not a condition; it is a symptom of coronary heart disease or blocked arteries. Angina can also be a warning sign that there is an increased risk for a heart attack. Nitroglycerine is the primary medical treatment for angina.
Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
The diagnosis of angina pectoris is made on the basis of its predictable relationship to physical exercise. Angina is caused by myocardial ischemia, resulting from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply. Angina occurs in susceptible people during exercise because myocardial oxygen demands are increased during exercise beyond the level of maximal supply. Thus angina pectoris is usually caused by obstructive coronary artery disease and so is discussed in Chapter 14.
Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The cause of angina pectoris is from a cardiac workload that requires more myocardial oxygen than the coronary arteries are able to supply via the oxygenated blood in the body. This occurs when the arteries have become narrowed, usually from coronary artery atherosclerosis, but also from coronary artery spasm. A rare cause is coronary artery embolism. Acute coronary thrombosis may cause angina with partial or transient obstruction, but in most cases, it causes acute MI. Myocardial oxygen demand is mostly determined by heart rate, systolic wall tension, and contractility. Therefore, narrowing of a coronary artery usually causes angina during exertion. It is relieved by rest. Cardiac workload can also be increased by aortic stenosis, hypertension, aortic regurgitation, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. If these are present, angina may occur with or without any atherosclerosis. Angina can be precipitated or aggravated by a decreased oxygen supply due to severe hypoxia or anemia. Risk factors for stable angina include diabetes mellitus, being overweight or obese, history of heart disease, high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and insufficient exercise.
Long-term improvement of symptoms of angina pectoris after successful revascularization of coronary artery chronic total occlusions
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2023
Hirokazu Miyashita, Lauri Mansikkaniemi, Juha Sinisalo, Juhani Stewart, Petri Laine
The primary outcome was long-term relief of symptoms of angina pectoris. Patients were evaluated by a single telephone interview by a dedicated study nurse or one of the investigators (LM) for the presence of symptoms of angina pectoris before the CTO PCI intervention, after PCI, and at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and at final follow-up (mean 33 months) using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) functional classification scale and a study-specific symptom questionnaire. This questionnaire included four questions: ‘Do you experience chest pain or shortness of breath at rest (1), while walking (2), when climbing stairs (3), or when walking fast (4)?’. The secondary outcome was MACE incidents during follow-up, the composite outcome included all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and target vessel revascularization (TVR). After the index procedure all other CTO PCI attempts, unplanned CABG and unplanned PCI to target vessel were considered as TVR outcomes. In-hospital and follow-up clinical data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records (EMR). Mortality after discharge was determined by searching the EMR and the National Register System Records (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare). The symptomatic questionnaire was administered by research nurses and LM by means of phone call.
On inlet pressure boundary conditions for CT-based computation of fractional flow reserve: clinical measurement of aortic pressure
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Jincheng Liu, Suqin Huang, Xue Wang, Bao Li, Junling Ma, Yutong Sun, Jian Liu, Youjun Liu
This study enrolled 15 stable angina pectoris patients at Peking University People's Hospital, China. All patients underwent a 256-slice CT scan, transcatheter FFR operation, and the patients’ aortic pressure waveform and clinical physiological parameters during the operation were acquired. Patients inclusion criteria included stable angina disease and coronary heart disease diagnosed by CTA. The exclusion criteria included low CTA image quality (2 patients), coronary artery occlusion (1 patients), patients undergoing thoracotomy with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (1 patients) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (1 patients). The institutional review boards of the participating centers approved the study protocol, and each patient signed the informed consent. Anonymized data were independently analyzed by the Biomechanics Laboratory of Beijing University of Technology.
Sirtuins as therapeutic targets for improving delayed wound healing in diabetes
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Fathima Beegum, Anuranjana P. V., Krupa Thankam George, Divya K. P., Farmiza Begum, Nandakumar Krishnadas, Rekha R. Shenoy
Diabetes is an important health issue that is increasing day by day and is characterised by abnormal/deficient secretion of insulin by beta cells of the pancreas [1]. The global burden of diabetes was estimated to be 9.3% (463 million people) in 2019, which will rise to 10.2% (578 million) by 2030 and 10.9% (700 million) by 2045 [2]. Hyperglycaemic conditions in diabetes can progress to micro- and macrovascular complications [3]. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications which include peripheral arterial diseases, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischaemic attacks, etc. [3]. Foot ulcers and amputation are consequences of diabetic neuropathy and can be the utmost reason for morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients [4]. Early detection and proper intervention can prevent diabetic-wound related complications. The global diabetic foot ulcer prevalence was 6.3% and higher in type 2 diabetic patients [5]. Delayed wound healing has always been challenging to treat and is a recurrent complication of diabetes.