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Diagnostics of Functional Abnormalities in the Microcirculation System Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Irina A. Mizeva, Elena V. Potapova, Elena V. Zharkikh
Furthermore, microcirculation is essential for delivering glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and other nutrients to tissues, removing metabolic products from tissues, maintaining optimal concentrations of various ions in tissues, and releasing hormones.
Oxygen Transport
Published in James N. Cobley, Gareth W. Davison, Oxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology, 2022
P.N. Chatzinikolaou, N.V. Margaritelis, A.N. Chatzinikolaou, V. Paschalis, A.A. Theodorou, I.S. Vrabas, A. Kyparos, M.G. Nikolaidis
The intermediate step of the oxygen pathway is its transport from the macro- to the microcirculation. The microcirculation, as coordinated by resistance arteries, arterioles and capillaries, regulates the delivery of oxygen to muscles. Since capillaries lack vascular smooth muscle cells, the delivery of oxygen is controlled by the vasodilatory state of the terminal arterioles (Murrant et al., 2021). Each capillary unit (length 850 μm) delivers blood and oxygen to only a small region of ≈12 muscle fibers, originating from different motor units. Myocytes require many microvascular units to be perfused to deliver oxygen along their entire length (4–20 cm in human sartorius muscle) (Murrant et al., 2021).
The cardiovascular system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mary N Sheppard, C. Simon Herrington
The microcirculation is the capillaries, the arterioles that supply them, and the venules that drain the blood from the capillary bed. A capillary consists of a single endothelial cell encircling a lumen that only just admits the passage of red blood cells. Intercellular junctions join adjacent endothelial cells. The microcirculation is adapted to each organ and tissue. Thus, the liver sinusoids and kidney have a highly permeable fenestrated endothelium, whereas the capillaries in the brain are watertight and contribute to the blood–brain barrier. Capillary endothelial cells are surrounded by pericytes, which support them, synthesize basement membrane, and can differentiate into a variety of cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells. Capillaries act as a semipermeable membrane. They retain most of the protein but permit free exchange of fluid.
Quantification of Dermal Microcirculatory Changes after Topical Administration of Capsaicin: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study in 46 Subjects
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Ruth Christine Schäfer, Anna Sohn, Anabel Kersten, Amro Amr, Manuel Held, Andrea Wenger
We hypothesize that the combination of these effects can improve microcirculation. Although a topical administration of capsaicin will never solve a macrocirculatory disturbance like insufficient venous drainage it might locally improve capillary drainage of distal areas in a flap or wound. Those major complications in flap surgery constitute for an indication of flap revision with possible need of anastomosis revision, thrombectomy or hematoma decompression. Unlike in hypotheses of a luxury perfusion syndrome in warm Complex regional pain syndrome the increased flow in our study was accompanied by a lasting and significant increase of tissue oxygenation [26]. Increased oxygenation was seen in superficial and deep layers at all points of measurement. Whether repeated application of capsaicin can result in an increased edema and interstitial pressure leading to capillary compression needs to be illuminated in further studies.
Emerging drugs for antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation: a focus on phase II & III trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Katharina A. Mayer, Klemens Budde, Bernd Jilma, Konstantin Doberer, Georg A. Böhmig
In recent years, experimental and translational research has focused on unraveling the complex pathophysiology of ABMR, which in the last decade has emerged as a multifaceted disorder involving many different components of innate and adaptive immunity. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind graft microcirculation inflammation and tissue damage may allow for the identification of new candidate targets for efficient interventions. Thus, successful translational research provides the basis for the primary research goal, namely the identification of compounds that effectively counteract the activity of ABMR and halt its progression to persistent graft dysfunction and transplant failure. This could be as either a sole treatment or in the context of multi-modal strategies.
MiR-20b-5p modulates inflammation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in severe acute pancreatitis through autophagy by targeting AKT3
Published in Autoimmunity, 2021
Guan-Xiu Tang, Ming-Shi Yang, Kai-Min Xiang, Bing-Chang Yang, Zuo-Liang Liu, Shang-Ping Zhao
Apparently, the essence of SAP is inflammation. SAP is often accompanied by SIRS and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) [5]. In addition to the inflammation, apoptosis is relative to SAP [6,7]. During the process of SAP, pancreatic cells are undergoing apoptosis and pancreatic tissues are injured. Besides, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are initially destroyed by pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby changing cell integrity and increasing permeability, contributing to microcirculation disorders, tissue edoema, inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine release [8,9]. Therefore, repairing of damaged blood vessels can help reduce inflammatory response and improve microcirculation [10]. Hence, the repair of damaged blood vessels may become a new method for SAP therapy.