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The lower third of the face
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Both the inferior labial and the submental artery are branches of the facial artery and run deep in this area, although not in every patient, as these arteries may have loops or branches to the subcutaneous level as well. The mental nerve and artery arise from the mental foramen, located in approximately the mid-pupillary line, just above the mandibular prominence (Figure 19.1).
Reconstruction in head and neck surgical oncology
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Kishan Ubayasiri, Andrew Foreman
Although free flap reconstruction is generally the primary reconstructive option for most defects of the head and neck, a free flap might not always be appropriate, for instance, due to patient co-morbidity and a consequent need for a shorter general anaesthetic. In these cases, alternative pedicled reconstructive options must be considered. The submental flap is based on the submental artery, a branch of the facial artery. It is best used in women, as in men a significant quantity of hair-bearing skin is transferred into the oral cavity. Other disadvantages include the proximity of the flap to the site of primary malignancy and its nodal drainage basin. Extreme care must be taken when selecting patients, as positive level Ib neck nodes can compromise the oncologic safety of this flap [2].
Perioral Region
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Krishan Mohan Kapoor, Philippe Kestemont, Jay Galvez, André Braz, John J. Martin, Dario Bertossi
The submental artery is the largest cervical branch given off by the facial artery before it enters the face. It originates from the facial artery as it curves around the submandibular gland and runs forward on the mylohyoid muscle below the mandible. It supplies branches to the overlying skin and muscles and anastomoses with the sublingual branch of the lingual artery and mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar artery. As it reaches the chin, it ascends over the mandible, dividing into superficial and deep branches. These branches anastomose with the inferior labial artery and ipsilateral mental artery. Together, these branches supply the chin and lower lip region.
Role of the Cadaver Lab in Lymphatic Microsurgery Education: Validation of a New Training Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Lucian P. Jiga, Corrado C. Campisi, Zaher Jandali, Melissa Ryan, Michele Maruccia, Luigino Santecchia, Mario Cherubino, Janniko Georgiadis
After flap marking, skin incision was initiated at the cranial border of the flap. Next, the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve was identified and protected. The facial artery above the margin of the mandible was exposed and followed caudally until its junction with the submental artery, which was dissected proximally to distally along its axis, taking care to preserve all the soft tissues around it and thereby assuring the incorporation of maximum number of lymph nodes (Figure 3A). In order to preserve the submental artery perforators supplying the skin paddle, the anterior belly of the digastric muscle was included in the flap.
Design and application of submental island flap to reconstruct non-circumferential defect after hypopharyngeal carcinoma resection: a prospective study of 27 cases
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Wenting Pang, Aobo Zhang, Cheng Lu, Jun Tian, Wan-xin Li, Zhenxiao Wang, Yanbo Dong, Shuoqing Yuan, Zihao Niu, Yiyuan Zhu, M. Shahed Quraishi, Liangfa Liu
The peculiar course of the submental artery, its perforating vessels and far reaching tissue supply of the artery, are some of the factors that makes for increased viability of the submental island artery flap in reconstructive surgery.