China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The cardiovascular system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mary N Sheppard, C. Simon Herrington
In individuals, blood pressure shows a diurnal variation. The lowest levels occur during sleep. Blood pressure rises on standing up, during exercise, and on exposure to cold and emotion. Individuals with a larger than normal pressure rise in response to these stimuli have an increased risk of permanent hypertension and are said to have labile hypertension. A single blood pressure reading should therefore be interpreted with caution and additional information can be obtained from a 24-hour recording.
Baroreflex Failure
Published in David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni, Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 2019
The hallmark of baroreflex failure is chronic labile hypertension and tachycardia alternating with periods of hypotension and bradycardia. Following surgical denervation, the labile hypertension tends to be remarkably severe, with systolic blood pressures rising to the 200-300 mmHg range with associated tachycardia of 130-160 bpm. These episodes are usually of short duration, often 3-20 minutes (Figure 11.1). They are frequently attended by a headache of great severity, often the most severe headache ever experienced. These episodes usually respond to antihypertensive therapy, but they are often of sufficiently short duration that many might have resolved without this intervention.
Follow-Up of the Hypertensive Patient
Published in Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Anna F. Dominiczak, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 2019
Michael Doumas, Konstantinos Stavropoulos, Gemma Currie, Christian Delles
With regard to BP, the majority of patients will not require ambulatory monitoring in the long-term management. Patients with labile hypertension, difficult-to-control hypertension and particularly those with white-coat and masked hypertension will, however, benefit from ambulatory monitoring. Pragmatically, the majority of centres will perform ambulatory BP monitoring on an annual basis. Other important tests at follow-up include assessment of renal function and serum electrolytes (particularly in patients on renin—angiotensin—aldosterone blocking agents), lipids and blood glucose. ECG should be repeated occasionally even if BP control remains optimal, as there may be other features including new-onset atrial fibrillation or prolongation of the QT interval that can be detected.
Is there an association between the parameters of arterial stiffness and tinnitus?
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Ömer Gedikli, Ozgur Kemal, Uğur Yıldırım, Ayse Bel Çeçen, Huseyin Karabulut, Murat Akcay, Ozlem Terzi
The present study had some limitations, primarily the small scale, and that MRI and Carotid Doppler ultrasound examinations were not performed on all members of the control group. Therefore, vascular and cranial pathology cannot be excluded. However, the control group of this study was drawn from a healthy population, and participants were not included if they had been diagnosed with or were suspected of having any atherosclerotic disease. The study groups included patients with hypertension, which might have accounted for some symptoms, but there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in respect of hypertension, and blood pressure was measured at least three times because labile hypertension was an exclusion criterion in the study.No elevations in blood pressure were determined between consecutive measurements, and the participants with hypertension were not undergoing any treatment.