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Mitral Valve Prolapse
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Mitral valve prolapse, or a leaky valve, causes a systolic heart murmur (click murmur) heard on auscultation. Many patients with mitral valve prolapse have no symptoms. Mitral valve prolapse usually is asymptomatic, nonprogressive, and benign.1 When symptoms are present, they can include palpitations, anxiety, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, and weakness, but it is uncertain if the prolapse is the actual cause of these symptoms. Mitral valve prolapse does not increase the risk of heart attack, death, or other heart problems.2 Most cases of mitral valve prolapse are not serious and only need to be monitored.
Hypertension
Published in Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Marie-Anne Essam, Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care, 2018
Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Marie-Anne Essam
This is a narrowing of the aorta, usually distal to the left subclavian artery, and may be associated with a bicuspid aortic valve and other heart defects. It should be diagnosed in childhood. Affected patients may have a systolic heart murmur heard over the chest and back, hypertension and decreased leg pulses. The blood pressure is high in the arms but often unrecordable in the legs and feet. The resulting hypertension usually resolves if the coarctation is resected during childhood. Stenting can also be used. Hypertension usually persists if surgery is performed in a patient over 40 years of age. Affected patients are vulnerable to hypertensive complications at a younger age.
Hypertension
Published in Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Nick Brown, Management of Cardiac Problems in Primary Care, 2018
Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Nick Brown
This is a narrowing of the aorta, usually distal to the left subclavian artery, and may be associated with a bicuspid aortic valve and other heart defects. It should be diagnosed in childhood. Affected patients may have a systolic heart murmur heard over the chest and back, hypertension and decreased leg pulses. The blood pressure is high in the arms but often unrecordable in the legs and feet. The resulting hypertension usually resolves if the coarctation is resected during childhood. Stenting can also be used. Hypertension usually persists if surgery is performed in a patient over 40 years of age. Affected patients are vulnerable to hypertensive complications at a younger age.
Recrudescing Plasmodium malariae infection despite appropriate treatment in an immigrant toddler
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
On examination he appeared well with a temperature of 37.0 °C, and other vital parameters were within normal limits; height was 87 cm (~40th percentile) and weight 11.7 kg (~40th percentile). There was a 2/6 systolic heart murmur, the spleen was 3.5 cm below the left costal margin (LCM), and the liver was normal.