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A Combination of Dilated Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network and Guided Active Contour Model for Left Ventricle Segmentation
Published in Kayvan Najarian, Delaram Kahrobaei, Enrique Domínguez, Reza Soroushmehr, Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine, 2022
Heming Yao, Jonathan Gryak, Kayvan Najarian
The final segmentation on the LV2011 validation dataset was generated by the DFCN-AD model, and followed with post-processing using GACM. The first two rows in Figure 4.6 depict the predicted epicardial and endocardial contours for one case in the LV2011 validation dataset. Slices are selected both from the ES to ED phases and from the apex to the base. The results show that the segmentation is robust against changes in both slice location and thickness during the cardiac cycle. The papillary muscles can also be correctly distinguished from the myocardium.
Death from natural causes
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
The area of muscle damaged by a myocardial infarction is further weakened by the process of cellular death and the generalised inflammatory response to these necrotic cells. The area of the myocardial infarct is most at risk between 3 days and 1 week after the clinical onset of the infarction and it is at this time that the compromised area of myocardium may rupture, leading to sudden death from a haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade (Figure 6.3a). The rupture occasionally occurs through the interventricular septum, resulting in a left–right shunt. If a papillary muscle is infarcted, it may rupture, which may cause mitral valve prolapse, which itself may be associated with sudden death or may present as a sudden onset of valve insufficiency with heart failure (Figure 6.3b).
Cardiovascular system
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Characteristics of RV– contains trabeculae carneae, some form papillary muscles → attach chordae tendineae which connect to cusps of tricuspid valves– infundibulum = smooth area leading to pulmonary valve– chordae tendineae prevent cusps from everting into atria when ventricles contract– septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) bridges lower part of interventricular septum to base of ant. papillary muscle → prevents overdistension of ventricles
Papillary muscle rupture of the mitral valve following blunt thoracic trauma
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Zaheer Faizi, Joseph Morales, Sirivan S. Seng, Kainat Faizi, Jaime Simone, Charles M. Geller, Asanthi Ratnasekera
Valvular injury is a rare form of BCI. The most frequently injured valve is the aortic valve, followed by the mitral and tricuspid valves.3 Papillary muscle rupture, chordae tendineae rupture, and valve leaflet lacerations can result in mitral valve injury, resulting in hemodynamic instability.4 Valvular prolapse, rupture, and severe regurgitation is caused by injury secondary to the compressive forces of the thoracic and abdominal cavity. It has been shown that intraventricular pressures exceeding 320 mm Hg cause increased susceptibility to cardiac valve rupture.5 Mitral valve injury occurs when blunt trauma occurs during early systole, when the mitral valve closes and there is isovolumetric contraction.5 It is possible that the presence of preexisting mitral valve prolapse may increase the risk for papillary rupture after blunt thoracic trauma.
Propofol versus insulin cardioplegia in valvular heart surgeries assessed by myocardial histopathology and troponin I
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Omyma Shehata Mohamed, Shady Eid Al-Elwany, Mina Maher Raouf, Heba Mohamed Tawfik, Ibrahim Abbas Youssef
After aortic cross clamping, a roller pump drew oxygenated blood from the oxygenator and the cardioplegia solution was added in a 4:1 blood:cardioplegia ratio. Administration was done in antegrade manner through a needle placed between the aortic cannula and the aortic valve. Reloading was done every 20 min. The same surgical team performed all the included operations. First ventricular biopsy was taken by punchectomy (very minute in size) from left papillary muscle immediately after clamping and the second one from the same site just before declamping. It is necessary to clarify that all the studied patients were undergoing valve surgeries due to rheumatic valvular lesions. This type of lesion makes the papillary muscle amalgamated and adhesive to the affected valve which necessitate dissection of the attachment between the mc. and resected valve hence, the biopsy was obtained during this indispensable step. Samples were put in a formalin filled bottles, transported within 1 h after collection for histopathology examination by the same histopathologist who was blind to the group’s assignment.
Utilization of cardiac imaging in sarcoidosis
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Mohamed Y. Elwazir, John P. Bois, Panithaya Chareonthaitawee
Although echocardiography is neither sensitive (around 25%) nor specific for CS, its noninvasive nature, widespread availability, and versatility support its use as the initial imaging test [19], and the HRS expert consensus statement gives a class IIA recommendation for the use of echocardiography in screening of patients with extracardiac sarcoidosis [16]. Patients with cardiac symptoms may have undergone several echocardiograms before CS is suspected. Features suggestive of CS on echocardiography include a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype with systolic and/or diastolic impairment, regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) or aneurysms in a noncoronary distribution and often localized to the basal septal or lateral walls, interventricular septal thinning and/or aneurysm (Figure 1) and, less commonly, wall thickening, pulmonary hypertension, and valvular disease (rarely significant) [19]. The reason behind the disease’s predilection for the basal septal wall is unclear but is an active area of interest. Valvular or papillary muscle dysfunction and pericardial effusions have also been described. Areas of bright echodensities may correlate with either scar formation and/or granulomatous inflammation [20].