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The immune and lymphatic systems, infection and sepsis
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Michelle Treacy, Caroline Smales, Helen Dutton
The cardiovascular system should be assessed for the following clinical signs: Tachycardia, with or without associated myocardial ischaemia (chest pain).Profound hypotension and dizziness due to peripheral vasodilation.Clammy, sweaty skin, flushed or pale skin depending on the reaction.
Progestogens do not attenuate cardiovascular benefits by estrogens
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
Two major explanatory mechanisms contribute to this. First, an effect via arterial function, i.e. leading to vasodilatation, and second, a reduction of atherosclerosis. Vasodilatation results either from an increase in factors promoting vasodilatation or a decrease of factors responsible for vasoconstriction. Estrogens and progestogens may well affect several factors belonging to each category.
Cardiology
Published in Paul Bentley, Ben Lovell, Memorizing Medicine, 2019
Due to profound vasodilation: Septic shockAnaphylactic shockNeurogenic shock (loss of sympathetic tone)
Minimally invasive capillary blood sampling methods
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Michael S. F. Hoffman, James W. McKeage, Jiali Xu, Bryan P. Ruddy, Poul M. F. Nielsen, Andrew J. Taberner
Applying vacuum over the lanced site leads to increased blood release (Figure 4B). The extent of vacuum and the length of time over which it is applied are positively correlated with the volume of blood released. The Microlet Vaculance Lancing device (Bayer, West Haven, CT) uses a plunger mechanism to actuate the lancet to pierce the skin and create a vacuum around the puncture site to draw blood to the skin’s surface [74]. Stretching the skin up into the nosepiece by applying a vacuum before lancing results in a larger volume of blood extracted from the lancet wound [76]. The application of vacuum before and after lancing the forearm, combined with skin stretching, can collect approximately 16 µL of blood in 30s [76]. This technique induces vasodilation and an up to fivefold increase in blood perfusion. With the application of vacuum, redness and bruising were experienced in some cases by the participants but were resolved in a few days [76]
Review of the international hypnosis literature
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2022
Shelagh Freedman, Ian Wickramasekera
Preeclampsia is a serious condition, marked by high blood pressure, which can occur during pregnancy. Since perceived stress is a cause of preeclampsia, this study tested the effects of hypnosis on perceived stressed in pregnant women (32–28 weeks gestation) hospitalized with preeclampsia. The forty women who received interventions using hypnosis and were compared to 40 women who received routine pregnancy care only. The intervention consisted of three 30-minute sessions of stress reduction techniques during hypnosis over three consecutive nights, and self-hypnosis training. The pregnant women in the intervention group were taught progressive muscle relaxation, and the hypnosis involved the “acceptance or lack of aversion and attachment to life issues and release from entering the vicious cycle of problems.” Suggestions for vasodilation and lower blood pressure were also given. The women in the intervention group repeated the exercise with audio CD at night before bed. While no differences were found between the groups’ pre-intervention, using hypnosis was found to enhance the reduction of perceived stress. The authors conclude that hypnosis is a simple, low-cost, effective method for delivering intervention that can lower perceived stress in women with preeclampsia. Address for reprints: Dr. Mahin Tafazoli, Department of Midwifery, Evidence-Based Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-Mail: [email protected]
Echocardiography in a critical care unit: a contemporary review
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Muhammad Mohsin, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Waheed Akhtar, Waqar Mustafa, Tanzeel Ur Rehman, Jahanzeb Malik, Taimoor Zahid
In septic shock, echocardiography can be normal or it can produce a variety of cardiac changes. The most commonly associated changes are abnormalities in LV systolic and diastolic function, and RV function [81]. Contractile dysfunction can be exhibited as apical hypokinesia and good basal LV contraction. Furthermore, patterns of septic cardiomyopathy can include global or RWMA, LV segmental wall motion patterns, and subtle changes only identified on speckle tracking [82]. In sepsis, there is peripheral vasodilation leading to fluid accumulation. Although this cannot be estimated by echocardiography, a well-filled, hyperdynamic LV is usually a clue to the presence of marked peripheral vasodilatation. Most importantly, echocardiography has a pertinent role in the assessment of cardiac valves in septic shock because infective endocarditis or peri-valvular abscess may be a cause of shock [82].