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Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Acute coronary syndromes cause a variety of symptoms. Stimuli from the heart and other thoracic organs cause discomfort. This is described as pressure, burning, indigestion, aching, sharp pain, or stabbing pain. It is difficult to assess the amount of ischemia present only by symptoms, unless the infarction is very large. The symptoms often mimic those of angina. Complications of acute coronary syndromes may involve electrical dysfunction, myocardial dysfunction, or valvular dysfunction. Electrical defects include arrhythmias and conduction defects. Myocardial effects include heart failure, free wall rupture, interventricular septum rupture, pseudoaneurysm, ventricular aneurysm, cardiogenic shock, and formation of a mural thrombus. Valvular defects usually involve mitral regurgitation. Additional complications of acute coronary syndromes include recurring ischemia and pericarditis. If pericarditis occurs 2–10 weeks after an MI, it is called post-MI syndrome, also known as Dressler syndrome.
Emergency medicine
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
There are very many causes of chest pain but the ones it is important to rule out and investigate/treat are those caused by ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Ischaemia means a lack of a satisfactory blood supply to an area, in this case the myocardium or heart muscle. In the vast majority of cases of IHD, this is due to narrowing of one or both of the coronary arteries. These conditions are grouped together under the term ‘acute coronary syndrome’, which includes myocardial infarction (heart attack, coronary thrombosis) and unstable angina.
Cardiac conditions
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
Acute Coronary Syndrome is the umbrella term that covers different presentations of acute myocardial ischaemia from unstable angina to myocardial infarction, including acute coronary artery dissection. Myocardial ischaemia is reduced circulation of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a progressive, degenerating arterial disease that leads to gradual blockage of affected vessels. Blockages caused by atheromatous plaques, a feature of the disease, can be complicated by clot formation. The tissue beyond these narrow points becomes ischaemic, and pain caused by these blockages is called angina. When a coronary artery becomes blocked, it is known as myocardial infarction.
Right atrial reservoir strain and right ventricular strain improves in patients recovered from hospitalisation for non-severe COVID-19
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Mehmet Rasih Sonsoz, Gulden Guven, Ufuk Yildiz, Atilla Koyuncu, Ozlem Altuntas Aydin, Gokhan Kahveci
Retrospective analyses of the echocardiograms collected during hospitalisation and thus during acute disease (performed 24 h after admission) were compared with those collected at follow-up in our outpatient clinic (performed 6 [range, 5–7] months after discharge). Exams were performed during acute disease upon cardiology consultation for the differential diagnosis of acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and acute myocarditis. The patient’s cardiac symptoms were: shortness of breath in 58% (n = 25), chest pain in 40% (n = 17), and/or palpitations in 26% (n = 11). At follow-up, no patient showed signs and/or symptoms of acute infection, but 35% (n = 15) had shortness of breath, 21% (n = 9) had persistent chest pain, 42% (n = 18) had effort intolerance, and 23% (n = 10) had palpitations. Four of the patients (10%) were asymptomatic.
The association of amfetamines and cathinones with acute coronary syndrome – a systematic review
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
F. M. J. Gresnigt, E. S. Smits, C. den Haan, R. K. Riezebos, E. J. F. Franssen, D. W. de Lange
Acute coronary syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors for the development of acute coronary syndrome have been studied extensively. The cause of acute coronary syndrome is divided into three types. Type 1 is defined as atherosclerotic plaque rupture, ulceration, fissure, or erosion with intraluminal thrombus in one or more coronary arteries, decreasing myocardial blood flow and/or distal embolization and subsequent myocardial necrosis, which can occur (5–10%) without coronary artery disease. Type 2 is defined as a condition causing an imbalanced myocardial oxygen supply and demand, other than by coronary plaque instability and type 3 myocardial infarction is defined as myocardial infarction resulting in death without the availability of biomarkers [1]. All these types have been described after sympathomimetic recreational drug use [2–6].
Identifying the effects of supplemental oxygen administration on the health outcomes of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and oxygen saturation >93% – a systematic review
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2021
Emma Pacleb, Vasiliki Betihavas
The data and reporting within this review were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). See Figure 1. The databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed were searched with the help of a research librarian. These databases were chosen because they contain scientific, medical, nursing, and allied health research literature. The database searches targeted primary quantitative studies. The following terms were searched in each database as keywords and as Boolean words/ phrases, then combined by using “AND” and “OR”. Angina “OR” angina pectoris “OR” stable “OR” unstable angina “OR” chest pain “OR” acute coronary syndrome “OR” myocardial infarction “OR” ST-elevated myocardial infarction “OR” heart attack “AND” oxygen “OR” oxygen therapy “OR” supplemental oxygen. The chosen search terms were based on similar keywords used in systematic reviews on the use of oxygen in the management of ACS. The reference lists of included studies were also reviewed.