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Urology
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Varicose veins of the pampiniform plexus. Common (more so on the left) and generally asymptomatic (occasionally a dull ache). Lump often described as a ‘bag of worms’; worse on standing. Associated with infertility but cause and effect not clear.
Varicocele
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Charlotte V. Melling, David J.B. Keene, Raimondo M. Cervellione
Varicocele is the abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins within the pampiniform plexus. Clinically significant varicocele results from continuous or spontaneous rather than Valsalva-induced spermatic venous reflux. The condition is common is adolescents (10−20%) and has a similar prevalence to that of adult males (15%). They can cause pain or discomfort and limit sporting activities. Importantly, varicocele contributes to sub-fertility, and is more common in men seeking infertility treatment (25−35%). The impact on paternity is less clear, as up to 85% of men with varicocele still father children.
Ultrasonography of the Bovine Reproductive System: Ultrasound Management of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Giovanni Gnemmi, Juan Carlos Gardón, Cristina Maraboli
The head of the epididymis is near the dorsal part of the testicle, under the pampiniform plexus (Gnemmi, 2007; Gnemmi and Lefebvre, 2009, 2010). Ultrasound examination to reveal the head of the epididymis is not always easy. Oblique sections are usually used. The head of the epididymis is clearly more echogenic than the testicular parenchyma and contrasts well with the anechogenicity of the vessels belonging to the pampiniform plexus.
Seminal inflammasome activity in the adult varicocele
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Mariana Camargo, Emad Ibrahim, Paula Intasqui, Larissa B. Belardin, Mariana P. Antoniassi, Charles M. Lynne, Nancy L. Brackett, Ricardo P. Bertolla
Varicocele is defined as an abnormal venous dilation of the pampiniform plexus with blood reflux (Brugh et al., 2003). Due to its prevalence of 15% in the general male adult population, and up to 80% in men with secondary infertility (Gorelick & Goldstein, 1993; Witt & Lipshultz, 1993), varicocele has been suggested to cause a progressive decline of fertility (Evers & Collins, 2003). Despite many hypotheses regarding the detrimental effect of varicocele on testicular function, inflammation is not usually studied in these men. Varicocele is a vascular disease with many hypotheses described in the literature that may explain its pathophysiology, such as blood reflux and the accumulation of adrenal metabolites in the spermatic vein (Masson & Brannigan, 2014). Metabolites present can be toxic to testicular function, leading to an inflammatory state and seminal oxidative stress (Benoff et al., 2009).
Risk of herpes zoster infection in men with varicocele
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Chao-Yu Hsu, Der-Shin Ke, Cheng-Li Lin, Chia-Hung Kao
A varicocele is defined as an abnormal dilatation of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum. Approximately 15% of men are diagnosed having varicocele and up to 10% of them present with pain [1]. Soylemez et al. found that the prevalence of varicocele was 24% among healthy young men [2]. It is also highly prevalent among athletes at 46% according to Hariri et al., particularly in those who exercised more than thrice a week [3]. Infertility is a predominant complication of varicocele, Shafi et al. found that 32% of the men with infertility had varicocele [4]. A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that among the men with varicocele, up to 40% had successfully spontaneous pregnancy after varicocelectomy. Up to 90% of them also reported improvement of pain symptom after varicocelectomy [5].
Outcome of varicocelectomy on different degrees of total motile sperm count: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Qun Wang, Yang Yu, Yanhong Liu, Libo Wang
The term varicocele is used to define an abnormally dilated tortuous veins of the pampiniform plexus. It is regarded as one of the primary causes of the male infertility, affecting nearly 15% men, and is responsible for 35–40% cases of subfertility in male gender (Greenberg 1977; Hopps et al. 2003). In some men with infertility, varicocelectomy has been found to improve sperm parameters and spontaneous pregnancy (SP) rates and further improves the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures (Schauer et al. 2012; Kirby et al. 2016). However, it is observed that not all men with varicocele suffer from infertility, and not all subfertile men will benefit from varicocelectomy. Thus, it is difficult to identify a subfertile man with varicocele who will benefit the most after varicocelectomy.