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Head and Neck
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
They receive blood from the external carotid artery and its branches Tonsillar artery and ascending palatine artery (branches of facial artery)Lesser palatine artery (from descending palatine, a branch of maxillary artery)Dorsal lingual artery (a branch of lingual artery)Ascending pharyngeal artery (a branch of external carotid artery)
Anatomy of the Pharynx and Oesophagus
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The vascular supply of the soft palate is equally rich, but it mainly originates from the lesser palatine artery of the maxillary artery, and the ascending pharyngeal artery and its palatine branches in particular. These arteries form a complex anastomosis with the ascending palatine artery, a branch of the facial artery.
Anatomy of the Skull Base and Infratemporal Fossa
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
The ascending palatine artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, ascends a little more posteriorly along the superior constrictor to supply the pharynx, the middle ear and the meninges. Often it is a major feeding vessel to a glomus tumour (see Figure 98.3).
Transcervical endoscopic approach for parapharyngeal space: a cadaver study and clinical practice
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Yi Fang, Haitao Wu, Andrew D. Tan, Lei Cheng
A transcervical approach incision was made about two fingers’ width (2 cm) beneath the mandible, then elevating the subplatysmal skin flaps to the submandibular fascia and body of the mandible (Figure 1(A)). The greater auricular nerve was located and preserved. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle was divided below the submandibular gland and dissected posteriorly to the parotid gland and mastoid tip (Figure 1(B)). Then the stylohyoid, styloglossus muscles were dissected to expose the fatty tissue, part of the deep lobe of the parotid gland in the prestyloid compartment. Further dissection was performed along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. When the later was pulled outward, the internal jugular vein appeared and the carotid artery was found medially, while the vagus nerve was divided in the middle of the internal jugular vein and the carotid artery, as shown in Figure 2(A). The spinal accessory nerve was identified laterally of the internal jugular vein and run posteriorly into sternocleidomastoid muscle. The carotid artery was followed superiorly to the hypoglossal nerve which looped across the internal and external carotid arteries. The internal maxillary artery and ascending palatine artery in the prestyloid were divided along external carotid artery (Figure 2(B)). The parapharyngeal segment began at the level of the common carotid bifurcation and ended in the external orifice of the carotid canal of the petrous bone. Only the inferior part of parapharyngeal ICA beneath the level of the digastric muscle could be seen directly via cervical incision. The superior part was covered by styloid muscles, mandible, maxilla, and zygoma (Figure 3(A)). The posterior bellies of digastric and stylohyoid muscle were performed to allow maximal space for exposure. With the aid of endoscope, the superior segment of the parapharyngeal vessels and cranial nerves could be located clearly. The ICA traveled inside the carotid sheath medial upward to the carotid canal posterior to the root of styloid. The sympathetic nerve was ascending posterior alongside the ICA, which carried the postsynaptic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. Internal jugular vein (IJV) lied external of carotid sheath ascending to the jugular foramen (JF) (Figure 3(B)). The vagus nerve was located between the accessory and glossopharyngeal nerves descending vertically from the jugular forum. The vagus and accessory nerves ran together in the JF and were encased in the same fibrous sheath. After leaving from JF, the glossopharyngeal nerve descended beneath the stylopharyngeus muscle, then passed downward in the carotid sheath with vagus accessory nerves and was joined by the hypoglossal nerve, which emerged at the hypoglossal canal. The glossopharyngeal nerve descended vertically and then made a curve with angle of 90°–100° and ran in an anteromedial direction (Figure 3(C,D)).