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Myocarditis
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
George Lazaros, Emilia Lazarou, Dimitris Tousoulis
An ECG should be obtained in all suspected cases of myocarditis. Although a non-specific tool, the ECG shows pathologic findings in most patients with acute myocarditis.14,15 Most patients present with non-specific repolarization abnormalities. ST-segment elevation may raise differential diagnostic issues with acute myocardial infarction.14 Newly appearing Q waves, abnormal QRS axis, and prolongation beyond 120 ms, a QTc greater than 440 ms, and ventricular ectopy have been associated with adverse outcome and a need for transplantation.41
Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The diagnosis of acute MI starts with initial and serial ECG. Then, serial measurements of cardiac biomarkers help to identify the subtype of MI that is present, or distinguish between these and unstable angina. Additionally, urgent cardiac catheterization is needed for some patients. An ECG is crucial for diagnosis, and must be done within 10 minutes of the patient’s arrival. An initial ECG usually reveals an ST-segment elevation. If possible, emergency coronary angiography and PCI are performed very soon after the onset of an acute MI.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
ST segment elevation occurs when the myocardium is being starved of oxygen and is starting to break down. At this point, the condition is reversible, providing that early intervention to open up the affected artery is established. The location of the myocardial infarction (and hence the artery that is occluded) can be seen by looking at the leads in which the ST elevation occurs.
Guanxin V attenuates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury through regulating iron homeostasis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Fuqiong Zhou, Zhengguang Zhang, Meiyuan Wang, Weina Zhu, Jie Ruan, Hongyan Long, Yajie Zhang, Ning Gu
The rat MIRI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Briefly, after anaesthesia, the rats were fixed and plugged into a small animal ventilator. Then the intercostal space between third and fourth rib of the left chest was exposed, and the heart was exposed entirely after tearing the pericardium. Subsequently, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated with a 6–0 silk suture at approximately 2 mm below the left atrial appendage. The electrocardiogram was utilized to monitor the ST-segment elevation. After 30 min of ischaemia, the ligature loosened and followed by 2 h of reperfusion. For the Sham group, the rats were subjected to the same surgical procedures without ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. At the end of the reperfusion, the blood samples were collected from abdominal aorta of experimented rats to separate out serum by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. Finally, after euthanized with an overdose of pentobarbital (200 mg/kg, i.p.), the hearts of the rats were harvested for further analysis.
COVID-19 with non-obstructive coronary artery disease in a young adult
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Abu Baker Sheikh, Zainab Ijaz, Nismat Javed, Shubhra Upadyay, Rahul Shekhar
In a case review of 28 patients with STEMI, the mean age of the participants was 68 ± 11 years; 89.33% were with localized ST elevations and 14.3% developed STEMI during hospitalization. All patients underwent urgent angiography and only 11 patients (39.3%) did not reveal obstructive coronary artery disease. It also reported mortality of 39.3% [10]. In a letter to the editor, Banglore et al. reported data of 18 patients with ST-segment elevation, 10 patients presented with ST-segment elevation and eight developed during the hospitalization. Of half the patients who underwent coronary angiography, two-thirds had obstructive disease. The mortality rate was high as 13 patients died during hospitalization (half of those with myocardial infarction (MI) and 90% of those with non-coronary myocardial injury) [11].
Citrate pretreatment attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury via regulating microRNA-142-3p/Rac1 aix
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2020
Haiyan Xiang, Juesheng Yang, Jin Li, Linhui Yuan, Fei Lu, Chen Liu, Yanhua Tang
In recent years, with the change of people’s lifestyle and dietary structure, the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis and heart disease is on the rise and tends to be younger [1]. Among them, acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is the most serious clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease [2]. Recovering myocardial perfusion as early as possible is the most effective measure to resolve acute coronary heart disease. The wide application of powerful new technologies such as coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention has rapidly restored the blocked coronary artery perfusion, saved the dying myocardial cells, and significantly improved the clinical therapeutic effect [3]. However, myocardial injury induced by reperfusion itself, namely, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, has become a bottleneck restricting the treatment of coronary heart disease. How to effectively prevent and treat myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury has become one of the most important problems to be solved in clinical cardiovascular work [4].