China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Kawasaki disease
Published in Samar Razaq, Difficult Cases in Primary Care, 2021
Which of the following statements regarding congenital heart disease are true? Ebstein’s anomaly has been linked with maternal lithium ingestion during pregnancy.A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the commonest of the cyanotic heart lesions.Coarctation of the aorta occurs more frequently in girls with Turner’s syndrome.Dextrocardia refers to an anatomically abnormal heart, more than half of which lies in the right side of the chest.Infants with tetralogy of Fallot are picked up at birth because of immediate cyanosis secondary to pulmonary stenosis.
Dextrocardia
Published in Amar Bhide, Asma Khalil, Aris T Papageorghiou, Susana Pereira, Shanthi Sairam, Basky Thilaganathan, Problem-Based Obstetric Ultrasound, 2019
Amar Bhide, Asma Khalil, Aris T Papageorghiou, Susana Pereira, Shanthi Sairam, Basky Thilaganathan
True dextrocardia tends to be associated with situs abnormalities. Situs, by definition, relates to the fetal left-right orientation and preponderance of derivatives of left- or right-sided embryological elements. Situs can be assessed at various levels, namely abdominal, atrial, and pulmonary levels, and is usually similar at all levels. Situs solitus refers to usual arrangement of left- and right-sided structures with the dorsal aorta in the left side of the fetal abdomen and the IVC on the right. The atrial situs is indicated by the characteristic shape of the atrial appendages (broad in the right and digit-like on the left) and may be either left- or right-sided or ambiguous.
The QRS complex
Published in Andrew R Houghton, Making Sense of the ECG, 2019
In dextrocardia, the heart lies on the right side of the chest instead of the left. The ECG does not show the normal progressive increase in R wave height across the chest leads; instead, the QRS complexes decrease in height across them (Figure 14.6). In addition, the P wave is inverted in lead I and there is right axis deviation. Right-sided chest leads will show the pattern normally seen on the left (Figure 14.7).
Tetralogy of Fallot with isolated levocardia in a young female
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Zeeshan Sattar, Hafez Muhammad Abdullah, Sohaib Roomi, Waqas Ullah, Adnan Khan, Ali Ghani, Asrar Ahmad
Scragg and Denny in 1952 reported the first documented case of TOF with situs inversus. That case was associated with dextrocardia [1]. Situs inversus is a condition in which the abdominal organs lie on the opposite side of the body. The heart may also lie on the opposite side and the term situs inversus with dextrocardia is used in such cases. Situs inversus commonly occurs with dextrocardia but rarely it may occur with a normally located left sided heart. Various terms have been used to describe the latter condition including ‘situs inversus with levocardia’, ‘isolated levocardia’ and ‘situs inversus incompletus’. The estimated incidence of isolated levocardia is 1 per 22,000 in the general population and it ranges from 0.4% to 1.2% in congenital heart disease patients [2,3]. Most cases of situs inversus with dextrocardia have a morphologically normal heart and only 3–5% of such patients have cardiac anomalies [4]. On the other hand up to 95% of cases of isolated levocardia have associated cardiac deformities like right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, septal defects, inversion of cardiac chambers and transposition of cardiac chambers [5]. However, the association of the full picture of TOF with isolated levocardia is quite rare [6,7]. Patients with isolated levocardia frequently have significant cardiac anomalies and as a result have a lower life expectancy. However, if diagnosed and managed properly, they can have a better outcome.
Velocity vector imaging for the assessment of segmental ventricular function in children with a single right ventricle after cavopulmonary anastomosis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Li-Jun Chen, Yu-Qi Zhang, Sheng-Fang Bao, Shu-Wen Zhong, Ai-Min Sun, Zhi-Fang Zhang
Velocity vector imaging analysis of the recorded images was performed using the Syngo US Workplace (Version 3.0). Adequate tracking for the study was verified in real time, and in segments with poor tracking the endocardial trace line was readjusted manually. Dextrocardia has no specific influence on VVI examination and images, except for the difficulty in the acquisition of clear images as compared to levocardia. The endocardial borders of the control group in an apical four-chamber view were traced from the septal-atrioventricular annular hinge point to the apical septum to the right ventricular lateral wall at the lateral-atrioventricular annular hinge point. The endocardial borders of the study group in a view equivalent to an apical four-chamber view were traced from the atrioventricular annular hinge point of the rudimentary chamber side to the apical septum to the atrioventricular annular hinge point of the non-rudimentary chamber side (Figure 1).
Heterotaxy Syndrome with Increased Nuchal Translucency and Normal Karyotype Associated with Complex Systemic Venous Return. Ultrasound Diagnosis with Autopsy Correlation
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Gabriele Tonni, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Gianpaolo Grisolia, Maria Bellotti, Edward Araujo Júnior
Autopsy was performed by a Fetal Pathologist and confirmed the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. There was dextrocardia with the heart tip pointing to the right. Segmental heart examination revealed right-sided atrium, morphologically left, with narrow, elongated, and tubular appendage. At opening, the foramen ovale was patent and no coronary sinus was observed. The right atrioventricular (AV) valve presented two leaflets. The right-sided ventricle showed left morphology, with smooth septum. The main pulmonary artery originated from the right-sided, morphologically left ventricle, and presented the right and left branches. The ductus arteriosus was normally patent and in continuity with the aorta. The left sided-atrium was morphologically left and received the four pulmonary veins and the LPSVC. The left AV valve had mitral morphology with two leaflets. The left-sided ventricle was morphologically left with smooth septum. A VSD of 1 mm in diameter was confirmed. The aorta exited from the left ventricle and overrode the septum. Head and neck vessels normally emerged from the aortic arch. The IVC was located on the left side of the aorta. ASVR consisted of an IVC interruption with azygos continuation ending in the left lower pulmonary vein (LLPV). Agenesis of the RSVC was an associated finding. The umbilical vein emptied into the portal system draining into the right-sided atrium, morphologically left. The thymus was regular. Both lungs showed two lobes with horizontal left main bronchus as seen in left isomerism. The abdominal organs showed a right-sided stomach below the liver. The spleen was right-sided aside the stomach. The liver was located in the midline with a central gallbladder (Figure 2A–D). The small bowel presented intestinal malrotation with the appendix located on the right and below the stomach. Ladd’s bands were identified between the gallbladder and the second duodenal part. Pancreas was annular with tail hypoplasia The X-ray babygram did not show skeletal malformations.