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Properties of the Arterial Wall
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
The list of arterial stiffness indices in Table 4.1 was further examined and general recommendations made at a consensus conference convened in 2001 by ME Safar and E Frohlich. Recommendations of this representative group were published in a series of articles commissioned by the late Larry Resnick (Laurent et al., 2002; London and Cohn, 2002; O'Rourke et al., 2002; Pannier et al., 2002). The subject was further addressed by the ESH/ESC Guideline Committee on Hypertension. It was suggested that measures of aortic PWV and pulse wave analysis be used as indices of arterial stiffness and target organ damage (Zanchetti et al., 2003). Furthermore, arterial stiffness has been recognized as integral to the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension (Mancia et al., 2007a, 2013).
Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Arterial Stiffness
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Tess De Bruyne, Lynn Roth, Harry Robberecht, Luc Pieters, Guido De Meyer, Nina Hermans
Arterial stiffness is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and is reflected by structural and functional changes in the vessel wall. It has received considerable interest as relevant target for patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Nutrition and food-related compounds can offer a suitable strategy in the prevention or reversal of AS.
Nut Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk and Mortality
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Christina Link, Alyssa Tindall, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Caitlin Lynch, Penny Kris-Etherton, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
Arterial stiffness is a consequence of biological processes such as aging and atherosclerosis. It is often measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), the rate at which pressure waves move down the vessel and reflect back (Hansen et al., 2006). To date, only one study has evaluated nut consumption on arterial stiffness. The study was designed to assess measures of arterial stiffness after a 30-month intervention of a lifestyle modification (physical activity and adherence to the “therapeutic lifestyle change” diet) with or without the addition of 80 g/day of pistachios in adults with mild dyslipidemia (Kasliwal et al., 2015). The lifestyle modification with pistachios lowered carotid PWV (770.9 ± 96.5 vs. 846.4 ± 162.0 cm/s; P = 0.08), left brachial-ankle (baPWV) (1192.4 ± 152.5 vs. 1326.3 ± 253.7 cm/s; P = 0.05), and average baPWV (1208.2 ± 118.4 vs. 1295.8 ± 194.1 cm/s; P = 0.08) compared with the lifestyle modification group without nuts. Because arterial stiffening typically precedes atherosclerosis, these findings are important as they suggest a protective role of tree nuts in the prevention of CVD.
Relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness index and the severity of angiographic atherosclerosis in patients with H-type hypertension and coronary artery disease
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2023
Li Dong, Jing Liu, Yan Qin, Wen-Juan Yang, Liang Nie, Hua-Ning Liu, Qing-Hua Hu, Yu Sun, Wen-Yan Cao
The assessment of arterial stiffness is being used increasingly in the clinical assessment of patients. Currently, the detection methods of arterial stiffness are divided into invasive and noninvasive tests (18). Invasive detection methods mainly include coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. Noninvasive detection methods mainly include pulse wave velocity, ankle – brachial index, cardio – ankle vascular index, pulse pressure, AASI and direct ultrasound detection. However, it is difficult for clinicians and researchers to select the methodology that best suits their specific use. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is widely used in clinical practice because of its low price, good repeatability and easy acceptance by patients, and clinicians and researchers are paying increasing attention to the value of the AASI in arteriosclerosis screening (5).
Association between household income and pulse pressure: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Published in Blood Pressure, 2021
Hack-Lyoung Kim, Jaehoon Chung, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jae-Bin Seo, Sang-Hyun Kim, Joo-Hee Zo, Myung-A Kim
Although it is well-known that subjects with low SES have an increased cardiovascular risk, the mechanism is not clear. In order to improve the prognosis of subjects with low SES, it is necessary to first understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanism and then seek effective treatment strategies based on them. Our study suggested that increased arterial stiffness can play a role as a mediator for low SES and high cardiovascular risk. Since PP data can be obtained simply by just measuring arm BP, PP may be particularly useful for risk stratification in subjects with low SES. Further studies are needed on whether SES improvement could lead to PP decrease. In addition, the social support system should be centered on the household rather than the individual subjects in that the PP increase was more influenced by households’ income than the individual subjects’ income demonstrated in this study.
Enhancing care for people living with HIV: current and future monitoring approaches
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Franco Maggiolo, Alessandra Bandera, Stefano Bonora, Marco Borderi, Andrea Calcagno, Annamaria Cattelan, Antonella Cingolani, Nicola Gianotti, Miriam Lichtner, Sergio Lo Caputo, Giordano Madeddu, Paolo Maggi, Giulia Carla Marchetti, Renato Maserati, Silvia Nozza, Stefano Rusconi, Maurizio Zazzi, Antonio Di Biagio
Arterial stiffness results primarily from arteriosclerosis (a disease of the media, related to normal or accelerated aging) rather than from atherosclerosis (a disease of the intima, affecting the vessel in a patchy and not uniform manner). This results in increased velocity of pulse waves. Various invasive and noninvasive methods of measuring arterial stiffness have been described. Carotid- femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) are close to being considered a clinical surrogate endpoint or at least fulfill some, but not all of the criteria to be considered as a surrogate endpoint of cardiovascular events. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has been recently introduced. CAVI had been correlated with several arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic diseases [82].