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Congestive Heart Failure
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Cor pulmonale is defined as enlargement of the right ventricle because of a lung disorder (of the lung itself or its blood vessels) that results in pulmonary artery hypertension. The condition then leads to failure of the right ventricle. Cor pulmonale is chronic condition in most cases. However, it can be acute and even reversible. When diabetes mellitus is present, it increases the likelihood of the patient developing COPD.
Answers
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
Cor pulmonale refers to enlargement and failure of the right side of the heart as a result of increased vascular resistance in the lungs. ECG findings may include right axis deviation, p pulmonale or right ventricular hypertrophy.
Physiology of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Examination may reveal obesity (in 70% of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea), with BMI > 30, often with increased neck circumference (often > 40 cm) and waist circumference (men > 94 cm; women > 80 cm).91, 92 Some patients may have nasal airway obstruction (deviated nasal septum, rhinitis or polyps), or enlarged soft palate, tonsils or uvula. Signs of cor pulmonale may occasionally be present including ankle swelling.
Assessment of biventricular function with speckle tracking echocardiography in newly-diagnosed adult-onset asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Sadettin Selçuk Baysal, Mehmet Has
Advanced stage asthma may even result in cor pulmonale by causing cardiac dysfunction (29). Subclinical asthma’s effect on the heart during earlier stages is difficult to detect but it is important for planning the treatment schedule and preventing the cardiac complications. In this regard, there is an apparent need for a noninvasive test can help us. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the most common noninvasive imaging method used for the assessment of cardiac functions. In the conventional echocardiography methods, regional myocardial functions are assessed qualitatively by combining wall excursions and wall thickness measurements with visual analyses, and there is a high inter-observer variability. Assessing the myocardial functions using tissue Doppler (TDI) echocardiography has disadvantages such as angle dependence, limited spatial resolution and single-dimensional deformation analysis. Two-dimensional STE overcomes these limitations; intra-myocardial movements can be assessed three dimensionally (longitudinal, radial, circumferential), and its inter- and intra-observer variability is decreased. For these characteristics, STE stands out as an echocardiographic parameter that can predict left ventricular myocardial injury and possible future cardiac events (13,18). Even though this method was developed to assess left ventricular functions, as with our study, it was also used to assess right ventricular functions in several studies (14,30,31).
Inspiratory muscle training reduces dyspnea during activities of daily living and improves inspiratory muscle function and quality of life in patients with advanced lung disease
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Mariana Hoffman, Valéria M. Augusto, Daisy S. Eduardo, Bruna M. F. Silveira, Marcela D. Lemos, Verônica F. Parreira
Advanced lung disease (ALD) is a term used to classify progressive lung diseases with limited prognosis. The most common symptom in patients with ALD is disabling dyspnea or breathlessness (Medical Research Council II to IV) (Bausewein et al., 2007). ALD patients with nonmalignant diseases can be divided into two groups: the obstructive lung disease group and restrictive lung disease group. Patients in the obstructive group will often present with severe pulmonary dysfunction such as forced expiratory volume in 1 s < 50% predicted. Patients in the restrictive lung disease group, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as the most severe illness, usually present with reduction in vital capacity and diffusion of carbon monoxide. Presence of cor pulmonale, weight loss greater than 10% in 6 months, heart rate greater than or equal to 100 bpm at rest, and a reduction on the 6-min walking test distance (6MWD; <350 m) are frequent in both groups (O’Donnel and Voduc, 2003; Weisman, Lynch, and Martinez, 2003).
Assessment and treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder: a guide for the clinician
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
In the fibrosing chronic bronchiolitis, airflow obstruction is caused by increased airflow resistance, either in expiration or inspiration, due to the reduced airway caliber in many small airways, among those remained open, with preserved lung elastic recoil. Therefore, the increased pulmonary air trapping is functional due to earlier and more extensive small airway closure during expiration [16]. The regional time constants are unevenly prolonged and so the distribution of alveolar ventilation is inhomogeneous in the different lung regions leading to low ventilation/perfusion ratios and consequent resting hypoxemia. The hypoxemic and eventually hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure are frequent in these COPD patients. Chronic dyspnea, sometimes wheezing and chronic cough and phlegm if chronic bronchitis coexists, are the main symptoms. Mild-to-moderate arterial pulmonary hypertension may occur and ‘cor pulmonale’ can be observed.