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Cardiovascular
Published in Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson, The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson
Are the following statements regarding the internal carotid artery true or false? The cervical segment of the ICA has no branches.The cavernous segment exits laterally to the anterior clinoid process.The ICA ascends medially to the external carotid artery.The ophthalmic artery arises from the supraclinoid segment.The anterior choroidal artery arises proximally to the posterior communicating artery.
The Deep Brain Connectome
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Ifije E. Ohiorhenuan, Vance L. Fredrickson, Mark A. Liker
Surgical interventions for basal ganglia disorders dates back to the late 1930s where resections of the caudate head were used to treat Parkinson’s disease (Goetz 2011). After an incidental sacrifice of the anterior choroidal artery (which supplies the globus pallidus) led to an improvement in a patient’s tremor and rigidity, ligations of the anterior choroidal artery were used to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease (Cooper 1961). In the early 1950s, the rise of the stereotactic frame allowed for the precise lesioning of the globus pallidus and thalamus were found to improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (Goetz 2011). In the late 1980s, the accidental discovery that high-frequency stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus decreased tremor in Parkinson’s disease patients, led to the advent of DBS (Benabid et al. 1987). Surprisingly, despite being in use for almost 30 years, how DBS modulates brain activity is incompletely understood. Early hypotheses for the mechanism of DBS centered on the activation (Lozano et al. 2002) or inhibition (McIntyre et al. 2004) of activity within the nuclei being stimulated. More recently, however, it has begun to emerge that DBS jams aberrant network activity, disrupting pathological oscillations and facilitating function (McIntyre and Hahn 2010). This finding highlights the importance of understanding the connectivity pattern as well as the dynamics of basal ganglia circuits and help understand and treat disorders of the basal ganglia.
Ruptured anomalous hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery aneurysm: a case report
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Takashi Mitsuhashi, Hidenori Oishi, Kohsuke Teranishi, Takuma Kodama, Kentaro Kudo, Joji Tokugawa, Masayoshi Kanou, Makoto Hishii
Understanding the anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery (AchoA) is very important for the treatment of intracranial vascular disease. The AchoA normally arises from the internal carotid artery (ICA) just distal to the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) and supplies critical brain structures including the optic tract, posterior limb of the internal capsule, globus pallidus, cerebral peduncle, uncus, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation, and choroid plexus. Several anomalies or variations have been reported such as hypoplastic1 or hyperplastic AchoA1,2 in 3% and 0.7–2.3% of carotid angiograms, respectively. Hyperplastic AchoA is characterized by the following angiographical findings: the course of the proximal portion is the same as the cisternal portion of the AchoA, supplies choroid plexus of the trigone, no other artery originating from the supraclinoid part of the ICA, and absent or hypoplastic temporal and/or calcarine branches of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA).1
Effects of dynamic supported standing training in a patient with pusher behavior: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Masahide Inoue, Yuji Fujino, Satoshi Sugimoto, Kazu Amimoto, Kazuhiro Fukata, Kohei Miura, Tadamitsu Matsuda, Shigeru Makita, Hidetoshi Takahashi
A 76-year-old man who experienced cardioembolic ischemic stroke with bradycardic atrial fibrillation received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and endovascular thrombectomy. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language-hearing therapy were initiated on day 3 following onset. He started getting out of bed on day 4. At that time, the patient had impaired consciousness, left motor hemiparesis, severe sensory disorder, and left hemispatial neglect (Table 1). Computed tomography detected a right middle cerebral artery lesion in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, insula, and basal ganglia area, as well as a right anterior choroidal artery lesion in the corona radiata and internal capsule area. He had severe PB and trunk dysfunction and was unable to maintain a sitting posture (Table 2). During physical therapy, sitting and standing exercises using a KAFO were conducted with the aim of improving trunk function and basic movement ability. He had no comorbidities or personal factors of note, such as pneumonia or deep vein thrombosis, that affected recovery, but PB and essential movement ability did not improve. The patient’s consent was obtained for the publication of this case report and associated images. He had no limitation about diagnosis and intervention due to financial and cultural reasons. The institutional review board waived the requirement for obtaining approval as only one case was reported. This case report complies with the CARE guidelines.
D-dimer >2.785 μg/ml and multiple infarcts ≥3 vascular territories are two characteristics of identifying cancer-associated ischemic stroke patients
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Jing-ye Wang, Gao-jia Zhang, Sheng-xia Zhuo, Kai Wang, Xiao-peng Hu, Hui Zhang, Lin-di Qu
The cerebrovascular distribution was divided into 3 cerebral circulations, with a total of 23 vascular territories, as well as bilateral anterior and posterior circulations. The vascular territories in the anterior circulation included the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery (MCA; superior division, inferior division, and perforating branches), anterior choroidal artery, and border zone. The territories in the posterior circulation included the superior posterior cerebral artery, perforating branches, basilar artery, and superior, anterior inferior, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries [23,24]. Acute multiple brain infarcts (AMBIs) were defined as >1 vascular territory with discrete DWI lesions [23,24]. Multiple circulations were defined as >1 circulation.