China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fenugreek in Management of Neurological and Psychological Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Rohini Pujari, Prasad Thakurdesai
Cerebral ischemia, a severe condition that is commonly known as stroke, induces brain damage through a series of consequences followed by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The pathological changes during cerebral ischemia include mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory reactions, excitatory amino acids (EAA)-induced neurotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and neuronal cell death. Immediate restoration of the adequate blood supply to ischemic regions, reperfusion, is the best treatment strategy in the clinic (Cui et al. 2010).
Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks of the Brain and Eye
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
This state of cerebral ischemia may be recoverable. The viability of the ischemic brain (penumbra) can be sustained for variable periods of time, depending on the capacity of any alternative, collateral circulation, and, probably also the robustness of the ischemic neurovascular unit (neurons, glia, and endothelial cells), which vary considerably among individuals, probably due to genetic and environmental factors. Hence, in patients with acute ischemic stroke, those with poor collateral blood flow tend to experience rapid progression of the ischemic penumbra to core infarction and suboptimal response to reperfusion therapies whereas those with good collateral blood flow have slower progression of infarct growth, enabling them to benefit from reperfusion therapies in delayed time windows.42
Does Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Cause Strokes in Neonates? — Clinical Evidence
Published in Richard J. Konkol, George D. Olsen, Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, 2020
This review will focus exclusively on reports of strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic) in human neonates exposed to cocaine in utero. Evidence from studies using commonly accepted indicators of cerebral ischemia will be considered, i.e., brain ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single photon computed tomography (SPECT). Preliminary studies utilizing positron emission tomography are presented elsewhere in this volume. The review will be organized by whether or not the data indicate that in utero cocaine exposure resulted in cerebrovascular complications.
Gualou Guizhi decoction promotes therapeutic angiogenesis via the miR210/HIF/VEGF pathway in vivo and in vitro
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Yuqin Zhang, Yajun Cao, Yan Li, Lijuan Xiao, Wei Xu, Wen Xu, Mei Huang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Yaping Chen, Lihong Nan
Ischemic stroke is usually caused by cerebral vascular occlusion, which leads to local cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in corresponding neurological dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has shown that angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is beneficial for neurovascular remodelling as it improves cerebral blood flow and metabolism (Beck and Plate 2009). It has been reported that angiogenesis is positively correlated with survival and recovery in patients following ischemic stroke (Krupinski et al. 1994). Nevertheless, physiological post-stroke angiogenesis is very limited, therapeutic enhancement of angiogenesis appears promising to yield potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Fortunately, GLGZD, a famous classic clinical decoction applied for several years, has prominent neuroprotective effect on the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, its mechanism remains less clear.
Preparation of baicalin-loaded ligand-modified nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Xinxin Li, Shuling Li, Chun Ma, Tieshu Li, Lihua Yang
Neuroprotection has always been one of the key points in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanism involved in CI is complex, and the therapeutic effect may not be ideal (Zhang et al., 2020). Therefore, it is extremely urgent to develop effective therapeutic drugs. As mentioned in previous reports, BA liposomes can improve nerve function defect, reduce infarct volume, and effectively improve CI reperfusion conditions (Zhang et al., 2020). Whilst the researchers are studying the mechanism evaluation, they are also devoting themselves to the development of new drug formulations for better neurotherapeutic effect. The results of our study showed that the nasal delivery of modified BA-loaded NPs may play a better neuroprotective effect. Compared with the model group and the BA buffer group, the BA–PEG–PLGA RNP group can better reduce the infarct volume of stroke area, alleviate nerve defect, and promote nerve recovery in rats (Figure 5). Our results are consistent with previous studies. It also suggests that this strategy may have a potential role as an effective and feasible treatment option for cerebral ischemia.
Human placental trophoblast progenitor cells (hTPCs) promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Muge Molbay, Eylem Özaydın-Goksu, Dijle Kipmen-Korgun, Ali Unal, Murat Ozekinci, Erhan Cebeci, Emin Maltepe, Emin Turkay Korgun
The average cerebral blood flow is 50–55ml/100 g brain tissue/min. Cerebral blood flow in the gray matter is 70–80 ml/100 g/min whereas it is 20–30 ml/100 g/min in the white matter. Abrupt cessation or critical reduction of blood flow to a brain region causes cerebral ischemia. This situation is known as stroke and it generally creates damage to the cellular structures of the brain. Stroke is an important disease that is capable of causing serious morbidity and mortality. In the United States, nearly 5% of all deaths are complicated by stroke, which represents approximately 795,000 deaths per year [1]. The vast majority of stroke cases are ischemic in origin. Stroke is known to cause damage to neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. Patients presenting within the appropriate time frame have a chance for intravenous thrombolytic therapy or endovascular approaches but lack of awareness of stroke symptoms compromises the ability of most patients to receive the standard care in a timely fashion.