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Structured Exercise, Lifestyle Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Barry A. Franklin, Thomas F. O’Connell
The gradual progression of exercise intensities, from moderate to vigorous to high intensity training regimens (in selected individuals), may result in even greater cardioprotective benefits. The mortality reduction associated with a 5-minute run approximates a 15-minute walk, and a 25-minute run is comparable with a 105-minute walk (Wen et al., 2011). Furthermore, at equivalent levels of total energy expenditure, vigorous exercise seems to be more effective than moderate-intensity exercise in reducing cardiovascular risk (Swain & Franklin, 2006). Vigorous exercise intensities are also more effective than moderate intensities at increasing CRF (Swain & Franklin, 2002). This has additional prognostic significance, since higher levels of CRF have been repeatedly shown to confer a lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (Franklin, 2002). Specific mechanisms associated with the incremental and additive cardioprotective benefits of vigorous intensity exercise training are shown in Table 3.1 (Franklin, Kaminsky, et al., 2018).
Assessment of peripheral blood flow and vascular function
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Benjamin J. R. Buckley, Maxime Boidin, Dick H. J. Thijssen
Whilst exercise-induced cardioprotection can be partly attributed to improvements in traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the magnitude of effect does not fully explain the risk reduction seen in cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality (Joyner and Green, 2009). Peripheral vascular dysfunction represents a precursor of atherosclerosis (Takase et al., 1998), subsequently leading to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (Davignon and Ganz, 2004). For this reason, measurement of peripheral vascular dysfunction shows strong predictive capacity for future coronary vascular events (Green et al., 2011). Moreover, the potent cardioprotective effects of regular exercise training is at least partly explained through improvement in vascular function (Green et al., 2017).
Nardostachys jatamansi (Spikenard) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Mani Iyer Prasanth, Premrutai Thitilertdecha, Dicson Sheeja Malar, Tewin Tencomnao, Anchalee Prasansuklab, James Michael Brimson
An estimated 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke, making cardiovascular disease the deadliest worldwide (World-Health-Organization, 2020). Therefore, it is essential to improve strategies for the prevention of heart disease and develop cardioprotective medicines.
Nutritional supplementation of gallic acid ameliorates Alzheimer-type hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment induced by aluminum chloride exposure in adult Wistar rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
B. Ogunlade, S. A. Adelakun, J. A. Agie
GA and its derivatives such as lauryl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, tetradecyl gallate have the potential of inhibiting the oxidation and rancidity of oils and fats being attributed to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability (Choubey et al.2015). Several scientific reports on the biological and pharmacological activities of GA revealed its antioxidant, (Aruoma et al.1993, Nabavi et al.2012, Ferk et al.2018), antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, (Lo et al.2010). anticarcinogenic, (Jagan et al.2008, You and Park 2010, Mileo and Miccadei 2016, Velderrain-Rodríguez et al.2018). cardioprotective, (Umadevi et al.2012, Badhani et al.2015) gastroprotective, (Ihara et al.1999, Ajiboye et al.2018) and neuroprotective potential (Choubey et al.2015, Hajipour et al.2016). Therefore the present study aimed to explore the antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of GA on the brain (hippocampus) against aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer’s type of neurodegenerative disorder in adult Wistar rats.
Abdominal Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Can Be Prevented by MitoTEMPO
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Ahmet Akkoca, Murat Cenk Celen, Seckin Tuncer, Nizamettin Dalkilic
Cardiac failure is secondary to AMI and surgical repair of AAA which is a result of ischemia reperfusion-induced inflammatory response and multiple organ failure [16]. Increased cardiac morbidity and mortality and consequently, cardioprotective approaches have been the subject of many studies to date. In order to mimic the remote organ injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, 60-min abdominal aorta occlusion and 2 h reperfusion animal model was used following previous studies [17, 18]. In recent studies, it was shown that in cases such as ischemia-reperfusion, hemorrhage, intoxications, radioactivity, mitochondria are seen as the center of oxidative phosphorylation and triggering many processes leading to cell death. Mitochondria are thought to be responsible for these negative conditions because of the increasing number of free radicals. Mitochondria have been the subject of many studies in recent years and studies involving the synthesis of antioxidant molecules directly targeting mitochondria have been conducted [7]. MitoTEMPO (C29H35N2O2P.Cl) is an artificial molecule to ease penetration of antioxidant with mitochondria via adding a lipophilic cation to antioxidant: triphenylphosphonium. In our study, it was shown that the MitoTEMPO which is a mitochondria-specific antioxidant had a protective effect on impaired contraction parameters of the papillary muscle of the AIR animal model.
Compounders of the COVID crisis: the “perfect storm”
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Failure to take responsibility for our own health represents the single most important factor affecting the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases—diseases that unequivocally exacerbate the life-threatening risks of COVID.4 Contemporary physicians can miraculously repair broken bones, literally halt heart attacks in progress, administer lifesaving medications, and counsel patients down the pathway to a healthier lifestyle. Prescribed cardioprotective medications to favorably modify existing risk factors can also be helpful in this regard. However, adherence is the patient’s responsibility! Perhaps self-help author Jim Rohn summed it up best when he said, “You can’t hire someone else to do your push-ups for you.” Without question, self-responsibility (e.g., meeting certain basic health metrics) will become a greater priority in the contemporary health care environment.14 For example, completing health habit surveys and/or serial risk factor profiles and attaining certain risk factor goals will be increasingly mandated by insurers and employers, orchestrated in part by financial and other incentives.