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Ion Channels in Immune Cells
Published in Shyam S. Bansal, Immune Cells, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2022
Devasena Ponnalagu, Shridhar Sanghvi, Shyam S. Bansal, Harpreet Singh
A clinical study in 1953 demonstrated that 30 out of 40 heart failure (HF) patients showed the presence of C-reactive protein in their blood, indicating the involvement of inflammatory components to the complexity related to HF155. Since then, many cardiac pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF), myocarditis, endocarditis, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction (MI) have also been associated with defects in immune cell function156,157. The immune cell populations, including macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and B and T cells, reside in the heart or infiltrate the cardiac tissue upon a variety of stimuli158. The resident immune cells are not distributed homogeneously, as they localize to different locations in the heart158. The differential localization of resident immune populations in the heart defines their distinct interaction with the various other cells, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. These interactions are important because the non-leukocytes send signals in the form of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, to which the leukocytes respond and initiate the inflamma-tory signaling cascade. Similarly, non-leukocytes contain receptors that are specific to leukocyte products and upon binding activate the downstream signaling pathway. These interactions serve as one of the important regulatory mechanisms that aids in maintaining the structure and function of the heart. Interestingly, there are also studies focused on how the ion channel proteins in immune cells, namely, connexins and KCa3.1, influence these interactions and regulate cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. The structure-function properties of these channels and their specific role in maintaining cardiac physiology will be discussed briefly in this section.
Dobutamine effects on systolic and diastolic left ventricular long-axis excursion and timing – significance for the interpretation of s′ and e′
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2023
Roger E. Peverill, Om Narayan, James D. Cameron
The increases in EDExc which occurred during low-dose dobutamine infusion for both walls and in both groups in the present study reflected the concomitant increases in SExc, and this relationship was also similar for the increases in EDExc and SExc for the lateral wall during the moderate dobutamine dose in both groups. However, there was no increase in EDExc or SExc for the septal wall in either group at the moderate dobutamine dose. Thus, the effects of dobutamine on EDExc did not occur in parallel with the changes in the timing of the onset or end of early diastolic motion, which in most cases decreased progressively with dobutamine at each dose level. The relationship of EDExc with SExc was not unexpected given that increases in SExc with dobutamine reflect an increase in contraction due to its inotropic effect, and an increase in systolic motion must be accompanied by a subsequent increase in diastolic motion. Thus, it is a fundamental aspect of normal cardiac physiology that the annulus returns to the same position at the end of every cardiac cycle, and SExc will be approximately equal to the sum of EDExc and AExc on a beat-to-beat basis. In the present study there was no consistent change in AExc during dobutamine infusion, this finding also implying the presence of a close relationship between any changes in SExc and EDExc.
Valsartan-mediated chronotherapy in spontaneously hypertensive rats via targeting clock gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Jiajie Luan, Kui Yang, Yanyun Ding, Xiaotong Zhang, Yaqin Wang, Haiju Cui, Deixi Zhou, Lu Chen, Zhangqing Ma, Wusan Wang, Wen Zhang, Xiaoyun Liu
Diastole and contraction of the heart regulate BP levels, and clock genes in cardiomyocytes control cardiac physiology and pathophysiology (Martino et al. 2015). The oscillations of clock genes determined in the present study were decreased in SHRs compared with those in WKY rats. This suggests that non-dipper BP patterns might disrupt heart clock-gene rhythms. However, we found that VSA restored circadian BP rhythms but did not restore heart-clock rhythms compared with that of VWA. In addition, we have reported a review that clock genes control liver homeostasis and pathology (Zhou et al. 2016). In our present work, VSA significantly recovered liver clock-gene expression rhythms, which suggests that VSA might exert a liver-protective effect. Moreover, both VSA and VWA significantly increased clock gene expression in the kidney, which might accompany kidney injury. Our previous work has compared the effects of VSA and VWA on target organ damage in SHRs in detail (Yang et al. 2019). Thus, our present research further elucidates the safety and effectiveness of valsartan chronotherapy.
An Autopsy Case of β-Thalassemia Major Illuminating the Pathological Spectrum of the Disease
Published in Hemoglobin, 2021
Ridhi Sood, Pulkit Rastogi, Deepak Bansal, Reena Das, Prashant Sharma, Geethanjali Gude, Mukesh Dhankar
On current admission, he presented to the hospital with a 3-day history of worsening dyspnea and orthopnea. Examination revealed emaciation, severe pallor and hemolytic facies. He was tachypneic (respiratory rate: 48/min.) and had tachycardia (heart rate: 126/min.) with raised jugular venous pressure. Systemic examination revealed massive hepatosplenomegaly, subcostal, and intercostal retractions, bilateral coarse crepitations, and a grade-III ejection systolic murmur. On investigation, Hb was 2.9 g/dL, blood cultures were sterile, and parvovirus and HIV serologies were non reactive. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral fluffy infiltrates. The 2Dechocardiography (2DEcho) showed bilateral atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, moderate PAH with dilated main pulmonary artery, and a normal systolic function. The overall 2DEcho findings were suggestive of restrictive cardiac physiology and a moderate degree of pulmonary hypertension thought to be due to cardiac siderosis.