China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Anatomy and Embryology of the External and Middle Ear
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
The arterial supply of the external meatus is derived from branches of the external carotid. The auricular branches of the superficial temporal artery supply the roof and anterior portion of the canal. The deep auricular branch of the first part of the maxillary artery arises in the parotid gland behind the temporomandibular joint, pierces the cartilage or bone of the external meatus and supplies the anterior meatal wall skin and the epithelium of the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. Finally, auricular branches of the posterior auricular artery pierce the cartilage of the auricle and supply the posterior portions of the canal. The veins drain into the external jugular vein, the maxillary veins and the pterygoid plexus. The lymphatic drainage follows that of the auricle.
Anatomy for neurotrauma
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Vasudha Singhal, Sarabpreet Singh
Blood supply: The scalp has a rich blood supply derived from the external and internal carotid arteries. The supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries are derived from the ophthalmic division of the internal carotid artery. The superficial temporal artery, the occipital artery, and the posterior auricular artery are branches of the external carotid artery. The scalp veins accompany the arteries with similar names. All the blood vessels anastomose freely in the scalp. Hence, the viability of the scalp is retained even in cases of major scalp avulsions.
The Gallbladder (GB)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Posterior auricular artery: Begins at the external carotid artery and courses posteriorly, deep to the parotid gland, and migrates along the styloid process between the ear and the mastoid process. Nourishes the scalp posterior to the auricle, as well as the auricle itself.
Posterior auricular muscle patch graft for exposed orbital implant
Published in Orbit, 2019
Catherine Y. Liu, Michael G. Sun, Scott Jones, Pete Setabutr
Here, we describe a surgical technique using the posterior auricular muscle as an autograft for exposed orbital implants. This vestigial muscle is located behind the ear, usually as 2–3 fascicles, arising from the mastoid process and inserting into the lower portion of the posterior concha of the ear.10,15 It lies just over the cartilaginous skeleton of the ear and epicranial aponeurosis and underneath the skin. The muscle pulls the ear backwards. One potential complication would be rotation of the ears anteriorly, though it was not observed in this series. Its blood supply arises from the posterior auricular artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. Naugle et al. was the first to describe the use of the muscle complex (composed of muscular, adipose, vascular, and fibrous connective tissue) to wrap hydroxyapatite orbital implants prior to insertion post enucleation with low incidence of exposure10 and subsequently for hydroxyapatite implant exposure.11 While they describe the need for an overlap distance of 3–5 mm between tenons and graft, we did not find this necessary when conjunctiva is closed completely over the graft, thus the overall size of the muscle graft needed is smaller. In addition, we did not find that the periosteum was a necessary component of the graft complex, as described by Liao16 and Wang.17 This decreases the overall thickness of our graft. Therefore in our technique, bulkiness was not an issue and we did not need to burr down the porous implant prior to graft placement as per the protocol described by Liao16 and Wang.17
An innovative virtual reality training tool for the pre-hospital treatment of cranialmaxillofacial trauma
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2023
Jin Lu, Ao Leng, Ye Zhou, Weihao Zhou, Jianfeng Luo, Xiaojun Chen, Xiangdong Qi
The third step is hemostasis. Quickly find the bleeding point and select methods such as acupressure hemostasis, bandaging hemostasis, tamponade hemostasis and vascular clamp hemostasis according to the bleeding site and amount to stop bleeding. Acupressure hemostasis can be used to stop bleeding in the following cases. In the case of facial bleeding, compression of the facial artery, located at the anterior edge of the stop of the occlusal muscle on the mandibular surface. When bleeding from the top of the head, the superficial temporal artery is compressed, located at the base of the zygomatic arch in front of the ipsilateral tragus. In the case of posterior head bleeding, compression of the posterior auricular artery, located slightly posterior to the posterior mastoid process. When the neck is bleeding, compress the common carotid artery on one side, located between the ipsilateral lateral trachea and the midpoint of the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and press it firmly to the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. For small bleeding or traumatic bleeding, use a bandage to stop the bleeding. After cleaning the wound, the soft tissue was reduced. The injury site is covered or filled with gelatin sponge, then covered with multiple layers of sterile dressing and finally bandaged with pressure. For open or cavernous wounds, use the tamponade method to stop bleeding. The wound is filled with sterile iodoform gauze or oiled gauze and then bandaged with pressure. When an artery with persistent bleeding within the wound is encountered, it is clamped closed using a vascular clamp and sent along with a vascular clamp with a bandage. When the bleeding artery in the wound is encountered, vascular clamp is used. The vascular clamp is bandaged with the wound.
Characteristic manifestation of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials findings in severe obstructive sleep apnea patients
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Hui-Ping Luo, Jing Yu, Xin-Da Xu, Jing Wang, Qing Zhang, Hai-Tao Wu, Fang-Lu Chi
Despite the foregoing findings, no significant differences were found between the study group and the control group in the caloric tests. This indicates that there was no significant functional impairment of the horizontal semicircular canal in the study group. In other words, unlike the otolithic organs, the horizontal semicircular canal and its neural pathway may not be significantly impaired by hypoxemia or by other complications caused by severe OSA. We speculate that we may have obtained a negative result in the caloric tests due to anatomical factors. The blood supply of the inner ear has two main components, one of which is the labyrinthine artery. This artery enters the inner ear through the inner ear canal and then bifurcates into the vestibular artery and the common cochlear artery. The branches of the vestibular artery supply the upper and lateral parts of the utricle and saccule and partially supplement the blood supply of both the superior semicircular canal and the horizontal semicircular canal. The other artery that supplies blood to the semicircular canals is the stylomastoid artery, a branch of the posterior auricular artery. Thus, the blood supply of the semicircular canals may be richer than that of the utricle and saccule, and when hypoxemia and nightly oxygen desaturation caused by severe OSA occurs, the otolithic organs may be more easily influenced than the semicircular canals. We concluded that this might be one of the main reasons that although the VEMP results of patients with severe OSA were worse than those of the healthy controls, no significant difference in the results of the caloric tests was found between the two groups. There are also limits to this study. The sample size could be further improved to eliminate the potential interference in the statistical results. Furthermore, v-HIT could be involved as it becomes a new favorite of clinicians and is widely used in the evaluation of semicircular canal function.