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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Stylohyoid was absent either bilaterally or unilaterally in nearly all the infants with trisomy 18 studied by Bersu and Ramirez-Castro (1977). In two cases, stylohyoid muscles were doubled unilaterally. When present, the stylohyoid was not perforated by the digastric tendon, except for in the following case. On the right side of one infant, an accessory stylohyoid muscle originated from the temporal bone (Bersu and Ramirez-Castro 1977). This muscle gave origin to a tendon that split around digastricus and then attached to the body of the hyoid near its junction with the greater horn. The accessory stylohyoid muscle blended with the normal stylohyoid muscle. On the left side of this specimen, stylohyoid was absent. In the female fetus with trisomy 18 dissected by Alghamdi et al. (2018), stylohyoid was absent bilaterally.
Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Once it has passed through the length of the facial canal, the facial nerve exits via the stylomastoid foramen which can be found in the inferior aspect of the petrosal temporal bone, between the base of the styloid and the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The facial nerve then travels between the digastric and stylohyoid muscles, giving off branches to innervate them as it does so, before entering the parotid gland. It then passes anteriorly through the gland before dividing into five terminal branches (Figure 3.8): temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical.
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The posterior digastric muscle attaches posteriorly onto the mastoid process of the temporal bone and anteriorly by the intermediatedigastric tendon to the anterior digastric muscle (Plates 3.24, 3.25a, and 3.35), which as noted above is a 1st arch muscle structure innervated by the trigeminal nerve. The intermediate tendon is attached to the body of the hyoid bone and to the greater horn of the hyoid bone by a fibrous sling. This sling reveals the original attachment of the muscle structure that gave rise to the posterior digastric muscle: the hyoid bone, which is logically the main embryonic attachment of 2nd arch (hyoid) muscles. As a whole, the complex formed by the anterior and posterior digastric muscles elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible, as explained above. As its name indicates, the stylohyoid muscle runs from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the body of the hyoid bone, thus keeping its embryonic attachment to the hyoid bone. Thus, the stylohyoid muscle logically functions to raise the hyoid bone.
Clinical Efficacy of Intraoperative Ultrasound for Prophylactic Lymphadenectomy of the Lateral Cervical Neck in Stage CN0 Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Prospective Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2023
Yi Shen, Xiaoen Li, Lingling Tao, Yupan Chen, Rongli Xie
The American Head and Neck Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery’s standards [25] were followed for the Neck Dissection Classification: lymph nodes in the submental triangle at Level IA; lymph nodes in the digastric muscle’s anterior and posterior belly and the body of the mandible at Level IB; and lymph nodes at Level IIA, where the anterior boundary is the stylohyoid muscle and the posterior boundary is a vertical plane determined by the spinal accessory nerve; the sternocleidomastoid muscle’s posterior border serves as the level IIB’s posterior boundary, while the spinal accessory nerve’s vertical plane serves as the level IIB’s anterior boundary; Level III, middle jugular group: lymph nodes situated around the internal jugular vein’s middle third; Level IV, lower jugular group: lymph nodes around the internal jugular vein’s bottom third; Level V, posterior jugular triangle lymph nodes, which are situated along the transverse cervical artery and the lower portion of the spinal accessory nerve; precricoid lymph node, perithyroidal lymph nodes, paratracheal lymph nodes, and lymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerve are all included in the Level VI, anterior compartment group, which surrounds the central visceral tissues of the neck; The pretracheal, paratracheal, and esophageal groove lymph nodes are included in the Level VII, superior mediastinal group.
Swallow-Induced Eyelid Myokymia: A Novel Synkinesis Syndrome
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2020
Amrita-Amanda D. Vuppala, Gregory J. Griepentrog, Ryan D. Walsh
We hypothesise that swallow-induced eyelid myokymia, as seen in our patient, is the result of aberrant regeneration involving facial nerve innervations to suprahyoid and orbicularis oculi muscles. The suprahyoid muscles include the stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and digastric muscles, and are involved in tongue/mouth movements and swallowing. In particular, the stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from branches of the facial nerve,23 and function to open the jaw as well as acting as laryngeal elevators, thus assisting in mastication and swallowing. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from the mandibular branch of the fifth nerve, and the geniohyoid is supplied by the C1 nerve roots which run within the hypoglossal nerve. The orbicularis oculi, the co-innervated muscle in this patient’s proposed synkinesis, is a subcutaneous muscle that is innervated by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. It is a muscle of eye closure and also plays a role in tear drainage by helping to ensure proper functioning of the lacrimal pump.
Parapharyngeal space tumor surgery using a modified cervical–parotid approach
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Isaku Okamoto, Kiyoaki Tsukahara, Hiroki Sato
Next, under the cervical approach, we confirmed the tumor capsule from below the submandibular gland. After severing the posterior bellies of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles, along the capsule, the tumor was separated from the lateral pharynx, posterior surface of the mandible and anterior vertebral muscles. In the procedure to separate the tumor from the posterior surface of the parotid gland, the stylomandibular ligament was severed and the tumor was separated from the mid-pole to the lower pole, along the capsule.