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Cardiorespiratory system
Published in Helen Butler, Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, Student Success in Anatomy - SBAs and EMQs, 2022
For each of the following questions, select the most appropriate answer from the above list of options. Each option may be used once, more than once or not at all. Name a structure of the superior mediastinum.Which muscle tightens the vocal cords and is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve?Which U- shaped bone is at the level of C3–C4?Which muscle connects the hyoid bone to the larynx?Name the structure inferior to the thyroid cartilage and shaped like a signet ring.
Anatomy overview
Published in Stephanie Martin, Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
Shaped like a horseshoe, the hyoid bone is situated in the anterior midline of the neck superior to the thyroid cartilage. As previously mentioned, although the hyoid bone is not strictly part of the larynx, it is anchored by muscles from anterior, posterior and inferior directions. The hyoid provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below and the epiglottis and pharynx behind and indeed to the skull base by muscles and ligaments (see extrinsic muscles of the larynx below).
Obstruction of the Respiratory Orifices, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchia
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
As with the other strangulation mechanisms, the proportion of fractures detected depends on the dissection technique. Haarhoff [70] was unable to verify fractures to the larynx or to the hyoid bone in 40 autopsies of fatal ligature strangulation. Koops et al. [72] identified fractures to the larynx or the hyoid bone in 66 per cent of cases of homicidal ligature strangulation. In his autopsies, Maxeiner [73] established fractures in around 43 per cent of cases following fine dissection of the larynx. Bilateral fractures to the superior cornua of thyroid cartilage were by far the most frequent finding. Cricoid cartilage fractures are extremely uncommon. In rare cases, the hyoid bone is also fractured. Due to the intensive congestion syndrome, the fractures are generally a great deal more perfused than in death by hanging. By contrast, haemorrhaging in the joints of the larynx was determined in less than 10 per cent of cases [74].
Model-based joint curve registration and classification
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2023
Lin Tang, Pengcheng Zeng, Jian Qing Shi, Won-Seok Kim
We proposed to use a model-based approach for simultaneously classifying and aligning the curves. A functional nonlinear mixed effects model, in which the fixed effect nonlinear functional regression and the functional random effects are constructed upon warping functions, is used for the misalignment curves, providing simultaneous registration and modeling for the functional observations. The warping functions are also modeled to accommodate common effect within groups and the variability between subjects. Then, a functional logistic regression model defined upon the representation of the estimated aligned curves and scalar inputs is used to account for curve classification. Simulation studies and application to the hyoid bone movement data show that the proposed procedures work well. Under some regularity conditions, the identifiability of the data registration model, the asymptotic properties of the estimators as well as the rates of the convergence of the functional coefficients estimation are established.
Application of digital modeling and three-dimensional printing of titanium mesh for reconstruction of thyroid cartilage in partial laryngectomy
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Hao Tian, Shuichao Gao, Jianjun Yu, Xiao Zhou, Xing Chen, Liang Zuo, Xu Cai, Bo Song, Kun Yu
Group A: Tracheotomy was performed in 10 cases (cT2N0M0 (n = 3) for cases with severe mixed ventilation dysfunction; cT2N1M0 (n = 3); and cT3N0M0 (n = 4)) before general anesthesia. The other 12 cases underwent general anesthesia after nasal intubation without tracheotomy (Figure 2). Transverse incision was performed along the lower neck skin 1–2 cm above the sternum, and the flap was exposed in the subplastysmal space to the hyoid bone level. If suspicious lymph nodes were detected by rapid frozen-section assessment for sentinel lymph nodes, selective neck dissection (II–IV) was carried out. The strap muscles were exposed and divided in the midline. The anterior wall of thyroid cartilage was exposed and vertical incisions were made on both sides of the thyroid cartilage using the personalized osteotomy guide plate. The laryngeal cavity and the tumor were exposed from the crico-thyroid membrane or above the thyroid cartilage. A 0.3–0.5 cm safe margin was made to guide tumor resection under direct vision. The residual margins were confirmed to be negative by rapid frozen section. A personalized titanium mesh was fixed on the residual thyroid cartilage with titanium nails to reconstruct the thyroid cartilage (Figure 1(C,D)). The inner aspect of the titanium mesh was covered by the omohyoid muscles. The sternohyoid muscles were used to cover the outer aspect of the titanium mesh. The skin was closed in two layers and the wound was covered with compression bandaging. In group B, all the cases underwent tracheotomy before general anesthesia, and then, they received the modified CHEP.
Surgical treatment of T2-3 posterior hypopharyngeal carcinoma with preservation of laryngeal function
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Ling Chen, Yu Si, Peiliang Lin, Zhong Guan, Wenying Zhu, Haifeng Liang, Qian Cai
The posterior edge of the belt-shaped muscle was cut to expose laryngeal body, the belt-shaped muscle and hypopharyngeal constrictor attached to thyroid cartilage plate were cut off, the upper corner of thyroid cartilage plate was freed, and the mucosa on the lateral wall of pyriform sinus in the upper corner of thyroid cartilage and enter hypopharynx was cut. Under direct vision, the pharyngeal incision was expanded longitudinally until the upper and lower ends of tumor were fully exposed (Figure 3), and superior laryngeal nerve was retained as far as possible (Figure 4). The upper part of tumor was exposed by cutting hyoid bone on the affected side, extending the pharyngeal incision upward, and cutting along thyroid cartilage plate downward until esophageal entrance. The margin of incision was sent to frozen pathological examination to avoid residual tumor.