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The psychology of talent development in Paralympic sport: The role of personality
Published in Nima Dehghansai, Ross A. Pinder, Joe Baker, Talent Development in Paralympic Sport: Researcher and practitioner perspectives, 2023
Jeffrey J. Martin, Eva Prokesova, Hannah MacDougall
Personality change is thought to be a function of many momentary repeated states ingrained into long-term patterns resulting in personality traits. Developing mindfulness may be particularly useful as a vehicle for personality change because it is a reflective process (Wrzus & Roberts, 2017). Reflection allows for time to think about past experiences, feelings, thoughts, and behaviors and relive and reinterpret momentary states. The effects of an eight-week mindfulness intervention for people with spinal cord injuries showed greater improvements in depression, pain catastrophizing, and specific facets (e.g., acting with awareness) of mindfulness compared to those receiving psychoeducation training (Hearn & Finlay, 2018).
Hereditary and Metabolic Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Adults
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Adult MLD frequently begins with psychiatric symptoms or cognitive decline: Decreased work or school performance.Personality changes: Drug or alcohol use.Emotional lability.Progressive memory loss.Atypical psychosis.Seizures.
“Problem Patients”
Published in Paul Ian Steinberg, Psychoanalysis in Medicine, 2020
When considering the use of biological treatments in managing patients with personality disorders, it is important to realize that no biological agent can definitively cause personality change, because personality involves a complex system of behavior with unconscious motivations learned over a period of years. Presumably, behavior also has equally complex neuroanatomical and biochemical substrates. It seems unlikely that such a complicated system could be changed by the administration of a drug. In medicine, medication is frequently used to relieve symptoms without the expectation of a cure; this also holds true in treating psychiatric disturbance. Antidepressants are indicated when a patient has significant depressive symptoms, and frequently are prescribed for anxiety disorders. They do not address whatever personality difficulties the patient has that made him susceptible to depression or anxiety. Antipsychotic medications are indicated when a patient has a brief psychotic episode or, sometimes, incapacitating anxiety. It is often profitable to try to understand the source of the anxiety, which may suggest an appropriate psychological treatment (Department of National Health and Welfare, 1981). To summarize, many patients with personality disturbance may at some time have symptoms requiring medication, but their personalities will not be improved by the medication.
Comparison of spouse and patient personality change judgments following MS onset
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Rodger A. Weddell, Samantha Fisher-Hicks
It is further suggested that clinicians should ask patients and spouses to identify the specific personality changes that they notice, since clinicians might find that their definitions of personality change such as the DSM-IV definition only partially overlap with patients’ and spouses’ perspectives. For example, clinicians typically tend to link increased impulsivity with personality change. However, impulsivity was not significantly associated with spouse or patient PC ratings. Perhaps marked physical limitations limited patients’ ability to act impulsively or they used the word differently from clinicians. More generally, it is suggested that clinicians cannot assume that their clinical diagnoses of personality change exactly correspond with patients’ or informants’ perceptions and reports. Metaphorically speaking, if an elephant represents PC, the patient might identify it by touching the trunk and ear, the informant might recognize its ear and leg and the clinician might require trunk, leg and/or ear before s/he sees an elephant.
Assessing Personality Change: Introduction to the Special Section
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Christopher J. Hopwood, Wiebke Bleidorn, Johannes Zimmermann
Personality change is a longstanding topic of interest among both applied clinical psychologists and basic personality psychologists. In both sub-fields, sophisticated paradigms have been generated for the assessment of personality and personality change. During the middle of the 20th century, these fields were closely interwoven (Meehl, 1972; Rapaport et al., 1945). In the last quarter of the 20th century, their social networks, research foci, and methods began to separate (Hopwood, 2018). Whereas clinical psychologists came to focus primarily on the assessment of short-term changes of maladaptive features, often characterized in terms of categorical disorders and symptoms (Frank et al., 1991; Kordy et al., 2002; Löwe et al., 2004; Vermeersch et al., 2000), personality psychologists became concerned with the assessment of long-term patterns of stability and change of normal-range features, almost exclusively characterized in terms of normally distributed dimensions (Bleidorn et al., under review; Briley & Tucker-Drob, 2014).
Detecting Idiographic Personality Change
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Emorie D. Beck, Joshua J. Jackson
However, identifying change in personality does not mean it persists. For example, some have argued that changes over the short term are state-artifacts, reflecting only short-term changes in states rather than longer term changes in traits (see Roberts et al., 2017, for a review). Similarly, others have argued that some psychological phenomena have set points such that deviations from them will ultimately result in regression back to one’s set point (e.g., Headey & Wearing, 1989; Larsen, 2000; Ormel et al., 2017). For example, changes could be induced by a vacation or a rough week at the office, after which they may have reverted to their original configuration. From this perspective, any changes observed should return to “normal,” perhaps because their environment shifted, which in the present study would be reflected by participants who showed change points showing two (or more) change points. While these situational-based descriptions of personality change are common, the current study found that the majority of people did not revert to their original personality system. Of those 20% that showed any change points, only a quarter (5% of the total sample) had the second change point necessary for them to have “reverted.” Instead, the most common form of change was lasting change, perhaps again indicating that change observed over longer time periods is not due to gradual change but instead short-lasting “growth spirts” common in physical development.