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Choice Impulsivity
Published in Hanna Pickard, Serge H. Ahmed, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction, 2019
Annabelle M. Belcher, Carl W. Lejuez, F. Gerard Moeller, Nora D. Volkow, Sergi Ferré
The NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae 1992) comprises 30 facets, six for each of five trait factors: neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A) and conscientiousness (C). Neuroticism and extraversion highly correlate with NEM and PEM respectively, generally constituting the same personality constructs (Church 1994; Clark and Watson 1999). Openness captures interest toward experience, and agreeableness implies an empathic personality. Finally, conscientiousness is a spectrum of constructs that describes individual differences in the propensity to be self-controlled, responsible toward others, hardworking, orderly and rule abiding. Roberts et al. (2014) have recently provided a compelling argument that many constructs that are not typically considered as personality traits have robust research paradigms that often run parallel to the work conducted in personality research. It was then hypothesized that many of these variables should be viewed as part of the family of C constructs, if not seen as measuring facets of the trait. Among those constructs, C encapsulates the two dimensions of impulsivity, AI and CI (with high impulse control, low impulsivity, scoring high in C; Roberts et al. 2014). In fact, a significant correlation has been reported between measures of C and CON (Church 1994; Clark and Watson 1999).
Correlational-based methods
Published in Claudio Violato, Assessing Competence in Medicine and Other Health Professions, 2018
Factor analysis is a collection of methods used for exploring the correlations between a number of variables seeking the underlying clusters or subsets called factors or latent variables. According to the principles of factor analysis, variables correlate because they are determined in part by common underlying influences. Patterns of correlations among individual personality variables, for example, are thought to reflect underlying processes that effect students’ behaviors and performance. “Conscientiousness” is thought to be a personality trait characterized by organization, purposeful action, self-discipline, and a drive to achieve. These behaviors, therefore, should be highly correlated.
Risk assessment of ADEs: Patient safety incident reports at Ari Canti Hospital in 2016
Published in Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty, Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
D.A. Swastini, N.W.S. Wahyuni, K. Widiantara
Accidental administration of wrong drug involves exchanged drug and wrong writing of medication instruction. Low conscientiousness and low rate of communication between staffs are the main factors of this type of incident (Cheragi et al. 2013). Wrong drug in this study is related to prescription of LASA (Look-Alike, Sound-Alike) drugs. Nurses should ensure that drug orders are complete, clear, unambiguous, and legible. Prescribing using tall-man lettering for LASA drugs may solve this problem (ISMP, 2009).
Nature and Impact of Reference Group Effects in Personality Assessment Data
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Madeline R. Lenhausen, Christopher J. Hopwood, Wiebke Bleidorn
The most commonly reported reference group people believed they compared their personality to was people in general, contrary to our prediction (H1) and prior research that found close others to be favored most (Credé et al., 2010). The discrepancy between these findings could be due to two factors regarding study design. First, we asked participants to report who they compared their personality to most when responding to the personality items which differs from Credé et al.’s instructions that asked participants to rate the importance of the reference groups when arriving at their decisions for the personality items. It is possible that participants rated close others as most important in Credé et al.’s study because close others are most important emotionally to the participants. Second, Credé et al. only assessed measures of conscientiousness whereas we assessed all Big Five traits. It may be that participants use different reference groups for different traits, and close others is the most favored reference group when drawing self-perception conclusions about one’s own levels of conscientiousness.
Chronotype and sensory-processing sensitivity: A cross-sectional survey
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Naomi Staller, Christoph Randler, Muriel Weigel, Michael Schredl
Chronotype, education, and Conscientiousness: A certain triangular relationship between high education, morningness and conscientiousness can be derived. In terms of Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness was shown to be a strong predictor of chronotype and bedtimes in this sample. In other study groups, conscientiousness was described as the strongest predictor of the Big Five scales for chronotype (specifically: morningness; see, e.g.,, Adan et al. 2012; Staller et al. 2021). In general, literature shows morningness to correlate strongly with conscientiousness (see, e.g.,, Randler 2008). Equidirectional, high education also correlates with conscientiousness (see, e.g.,, O’Connor and Paunonen 2007; Poropat 2009). In our sample, we were able to show a positive relationship between the two variables morningness/early bedtimes with high education. With regard to the correlations with conscientiousness of chronotype and high education individually, the connection between these two may be strengthened. Moreover, conscientiousness as well as morningness correlate with self-efficacy (Staller et al. 2021) which is a predictor for high education (Valentine et al. 2004). This again points to a possible strengthening of the relationship and opens up room for further study.
Development and Initial Validation of the Persevering Hope Scale: Measuring Wait-Power in Four Independent Samples
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Sandra Yu Rueger, Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Edward B. Davis, Zhuo Job Chen, Richard G. Cowden, Jaclyn M. Moloney, Elisha Eveleigh, Lauren B. Stone, Austin W. Lemke, Kevin J. Glowiak
Persevering hope was shown to be related yet distinct from the facets of agency and pathways thinking that comprise dispositional hope in Snyder’s (2002) goal-directed theory. Persevering hope also is related to yet distinct from optimism. Bury et al. (2016) highlight that “hope arises for outcomes that are relatively uncertain or uncontrollable…a sense of agency is not integral to hope” (p. 589). In contrast, optimism resides in the land of the plausible. Our results indicate that persevering hope is related to yet distinct from trait grit and conscientiousness as well. Grit is a personality disposition that involves striving for long-term goals with perseverance and passion, especially in the face of obstacles (Duckworth & Quinn, 2009). Conscientiousness is a trait that involves exercising self-control and self-discipline to facilitate goal-directed behavior (John et al., 1991). Our incremental validity results suggest persevering hope and Snyder’s goal-directed hope are distinct aspects of hope that are associated with these perseverance-related traits.