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Psychological Medicine
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Harrison Howarth, Jim Bolton, Gary Bell
Attempting to make an assessment of a person's personality before the onset of their illness is often one of the most challenging, but revealing, aspects of eliciting the history. Consider their coping style, relationships, interests and activities prior to becoming unwell. Personality trait models may help you to determine changes in personality that have occurred with illness (e.g. Costa's Big Five personality traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism). Premorbid personality may need to be obtained through a collateral history.
Diagnosis
Published in Wilfrid Treasure, Roger Jones, Diagnosis and Risk Management in Primary Care, 2017
Ageing is accompanied by a decline in specific areas only: in the field of cognition, for instance, working and episodic memory and some aspects of semantic memory deteriorate while other functions are preserved; and emotionally there’s a decline in negative affect while positive affect appears to remain fairly constant as long as situations are familiar. Of the big five personality traits, neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience decrease (although neuroticism may show some increase in very late life), while agreeableness and conscientiousness increase. There’s also an increase in wisdom, which can be thought of as a provisional commitment to one chosen truth system with the awareness that alternative systems exist, along with the balancing of thoughts, desires, and emotions.86
Performance in Small Student Groups
Published in Kenneth I. Mavor, Michael J. Platow, Boris Bizumic, Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts, 2017
The Big Five personality traits are extroversion, neuroticism (often referred to by its converse – emotional stability), openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (see Digman, 1990; Goldberg et al., 2006; McCrae and Costa, 1996; McCrae and Terracciano, 2005). Extraversion refers to the degree to which individuals are outgoing, energetic, sociable, vigorous, and excitement seeking. Neuroticism refers to individuals’ susceptibility to experience negative emotions, including anxiety, stress, anger, and depression. Openness to experience primarily refers to individuals’ creativity, adventurousness, broad-mindedness, imagination, and artistic interests. Agreeableness, the main interpersonal component, refers to the degree to which an individual is cooperative, considerate, altruistic, modest, and trustful. Finally, conscientiousness refers to the degree to which individuals are responsible, hard-working, organised, and diligent.
Chronotype and sensory-processing sensitivity: A cross-sectional survey
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Naomi Staller, Christoph Randler, Muriel Weigel, Michael Schredl
Chronotype, education, and Conscientiousness: A certain triangular relationship between high education, morningness and conscientiousness can be derived. In terms of Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness was shown to be a strong predictor of chronotype and bedtimes in this sample. In other study groups, conscientiousness was described as the strongest predictor of the Big Five scales for chronotype (specifically: morningness; see, e.g.,, Adan et al. 2012; Staller et al. 2021). In general, literature shows morningness to correlate strongly with conscientiousness (see, e.g.,, Randler 2008). Equidirectional, high education also correlates with conscientiousness (see, e.g.,, O’Connor and Paunonen 2007; Poropat 2009). In our sample, we were able to show a positive relationship between the two variables morningness/early bedtimes with high education. With regard to the correlations with conscientiousness of chronotype and high education individually, the connection between these two may be strengthened. Moreover, conscientiousness as well as morningness correlate with self-efficacy (Staller et al. 2021) which is a predictor for high education (Valentine et al. 2004). This again points to a possible strengthening of the relationship and opens up room for further study.
An exploration of associations between hearing aid self-efficacy and other measurable characteristics of naïve and experienced hearing aid users
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
The Big-five personality traits are a commonly accepted method used to describe the fundamental factors of personality that contribute to human behaviour. These factors are: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. We used the International Mini Markers (IMM) questionnaire (Thompson 2008) for this study. The 40-item IMM is based on the original 100-item “Big-Five” personality scale (Goldberg 1992) but is less time consuming and still provides information with robustness almost equal to that of the original “Big-Five” scale (Saucier 1994). The IMM consists of 40 descriptor words, such as talkative, shy, determined and efficient. Participants rated each item on a scale according to how accurately each item described them. A summed score was calculated for each personality trait using the items dedicated to each of the five personality traits. For each trait, the scores can range from 1 to 5. An individual with high score on a trait is considered to have more prominent characteristics of that trait. For example, a person with high scores in Extroversion would be considered affectionate, talkative, active, fun loving and passionate.
Measuring Six Facets of Curiosity in Germany and the UK: A German-Language Adaptation of the 5DCR and Its Comparability with the English-Language Source Version
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
David J. Grüning, Clemens M. Lechner
To locate the six facets of the German-language adaptation of 5DCR in a nomological network and assess its convergent and discriminant validity, we investigated its relations to a set of key personality and motivational traits. Our goal in including this broad range of correlates was to explore the nomological network of curiosity, including basic personality traits, values, and potential outcomes of curiosity. More specifically, we included (1) the Big Five personality traits Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness; (2) basic human values; and (3) locus of control. We selected the Big Five personality traits and basic human values because these constructs were also the focus in Kashdan et al.’s (2020) original validation study of 5DCR, allowing for direct comparisons of our results. We additionally included locus of control because it is a fundamental individual difference construct that falls outside the Big Five and has important consequences for behavior and affect (e.g., Judge & Bono, 2001; Ng et al., 2006).