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The psychology of talent development in Paralympic sport: The role of personality
Published in Nima Dehghansai, Ross A. Pinder, Joe Baker, Talent Development in Paralympic Sport: Researcher and practitioner perspectives, 2023
Jeffrey J. Martin, Eva Prokesova, Hannah MacDougall
In our discussion of personality we emphasize the FFM because of its strong conceptual and measurement underpinnings and history of use for sport-based research (Allen et al., 2011, 2013). The FFM personality constructs are neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness. Neuroticism reflects a person who is frequently anxious and experiences emotional highs and lows. Emotional stability is typically seen as the opposite end of the spectrum from neuroticism in the FFM literature. Neuroticism is similar to trait anxiety, and in athletics, sport trait anxiety is negatively related to performance, suggesting athletes high in neuroticism will perform more poorly, in general, compared to athletes who are more emotionally stable. Anxious athletes may suffer from less than optimal attentional patterns (e.g., reduced focus) and detrimental changes in motor behavior patterns (e.g., tense muscles) leading to poor performance.
Personality and stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
There have been some interesting studies looking at the personality correlates of stress during the COVID pandemic (Anglim & Horwood, 2021; Ikizer et al., 2022; Kohút, Kohútov´a & Halama, 2021). Minahan, Falzarano, Yazdani & Siedlecki, 2021; Zacher & Rudolph, 2021). These studies provide strong evidence for the link between neuroticism and stress as the main personality dimension. As discussed previously, there are issues with neuroticism as a predictor of stress because of the problem of covariance. The negative affectivity critique of Watson and Pennebaker (1989) suggests that a general tendency towards negative affect my underpin both neuroticism and perceived stress. Traits are very broad measures of a range of underlying behaviours. For example, neuroticism is made up of tendency to worry, easily stressed, mood swings, easily upset, irritability, feeling blue and easily disturbed. Each of these individual facets may have a different effect on the person’s behaviour. Gartland, O’Connor, Lawton and Ferguson (2014) found that it was just two of the facets of conscientiousness (order and industriousness) which impacted on reduced stress. There are reasons why the trait approach to stress may not be useful. We will return to this after we look at an alternative personality perspective on stress.
Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhpushpi) and Erythroxylum coca (Coca plant)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Sashi Sonkar, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Azamal Husen
The C. pluricaulis plant is also one of the most significant elements in the treatment of diseases such as neurosis, anxiety, hypertension, hypotension, and stress. C. pluricaulis assists to reduce stress and anxiety by controlling the synthesis of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, in our bodies. It functions as a rejuvenation treatment, as well as a psychostimulant and a tranquilizer. The plant promotes healthy sleep and relieves mental tiredness and stress by inducing a sense of serenity and tranquility. It significantly reduces neuroticism and anxiety caused by varying stress levels (Bhowmik et al., 2012).
The Moderation Role of Neuroticism for Anxiety among Burdened Dementia Caregivers: A Study on Care Giver-Recipient Dyads
Published in Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 2022
Xiaozhao Yousef Yang, Patricia Morton, Fangying Yang, Boye Fang
Neuroticism is a relatively stable tendency to respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss (Lahey, 2009). Although neuroticism as a personality trait consists of multiple facets that may be phenomenologically distinct in their own rights, such as anger, irritability, and excess worries, the personality tendency as a whole has been associated with a higher likelihood of developing psychopathological conditions, including anxiety disorders (Kendler & Prescott, 2007; Khan et al., 2018; Kotov et al., 2010; Ormel et al., 2013). People who score higher on neuroticism tend to be more easily aroused by stimuli and to deploy defensive psychological mechanisms to ward off the perceived threats. Thus, neuroticism increases susceptibility to psychopathology by accelerating intense and overt reactions to stimuli, augmenting the perceived severity of external stressors, and weakening coping effectiveness (Klein et al., 2011). The vulnerability hypothesis contends that neuroticism can make an individual more vulnerable to a mental health disorder by enhancing the effect of a risk factor, like stressful life events (Ormel et al., 2013). Thus, individuals with a high neuroticism level may suffer an increased risk of anxiety disorders under strain. Consistent with the vulnerability hypothesis, we conceptualize the relationship between anxiety and neuroticism in terms of the diathesis-stress model, where neuroticism represents a moderating diathesis for caregivers.
Effect of a Social Networking Site Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older People and Role of Personality Traits. Results from the Randomized Controlled Trial Ageing in a Networked Society-Social Experiment (ANS-SE) Study
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Roberta Vaccaro, Simona Abbondanza, Elena Rolandi, Georgia Casanova, Laura Pettinato, Mauro Colombo, Antonio Guaita
Moreover, cognitive benefits from social contacts may depend on personality traits (Segel-Karpas & Lachman, 2018), since the interplay between cognition and personality traits over the life span is well-known (Briley & Tucker-Drob, 2017). Personality traits are referred to a substantially stable organization of a person’s character, temperament, intellect, and physical constitution that determines his or her way of adapting to the environment, along three dimensions: Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism. Each dimension develops on a continuum between two opposite polarities. The extravert individual has many friends, needs to have people to talk to and dislikes solitary activities, while the introverted individual appears calm, introspective, withdrawn from people except with close friends. Neuroticism refers to a state of negative emotionality characterized by feelings of anxiety, depression, vulnerability, and angry hostility, whose counterpart is emotional stability, although neurotic people may adequately interact in family and work situations. Psychoticism includes aggressiveness, coldness, egocentricity, impulsivity, anti-sociability, low empathy, creativity, and stiffness. This trait refers to an underlying predisposition of the personality in all individuals and it does not refer to psychopathology (Eysenck, 1960).
Threat appraisal partially mediates the relation between neuroticism and bulimic symptoms
Published in Eating Disorders, 2020
Elizabeth N. Dougherty, Krystal Badillo, Nicole K. Johnson, Alissa A. Haedt-Matt
A considerable amount of research suggests that BN has an underlying personality component (Brown, Haedt-Matt, & Keel, 2011; Reas, Pedersen, & Rø, 2016). Studies that have investigated the role of personality in BN provide compelling evidence that neuroticism plays an important role in the development and maintenance of bulimic symptoms (Lee-Winn, Townsend, Reinblatt, & Mendelson, 2016; Miller, Schmidt, Vaillancourt, McDougall, & Laliberte, 2006). Neuroticism is the tendency to experience negative emotions, including feelings of nervousness, anxiousness, sadness, and tension (John & Srivastava, 1999). This trait has been positively associated with bulimic symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical samples of women (Farstad, McGeown, & von Ranson, 2016; Fischer, Smith, Annus, & Hendricks, 2007). Female undergraduates high in neuroticism displayed more frequent disordered eating compared to those low in this trait (Fischer et al., 2007). Similarly, research found that neuroticism was associated with binge-eating and purging behavior in female twins (Wade, Treloar, & Martin, 2008). In other research, higher neuroticism and affective lability, predicted greater variability in the frequency of binge-eating episodes among individuals with BN, providing evidence that neuroticism may also influence the expression of symptoms (Zander & De Young, 2014).