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Feminist mental health ethics
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
Consider the prevalence of fear in any number of health contexts. Any diagnosis of serious illness/disability – whether related to mental health or not – is likely to trigger fear (e.g. for one’s future health, fear of treatment, fear of implications for life plans, fear of loss of capacity to provide or care for oneself), and such fear can compromise mental health and emotional wellbeing. Some experiences of fear themselves trigger diagnoses (e.g. diagnoses of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, adjustment or other disorders). In some cases, patients/clients also express to healthcare providers their fears of larger social issues not only related to their individual diagnoses – e.g. fear of climate change, global pandemics, economic insecurity, lacking access to healthcare and so on. And of course, healthcare providers themselves fear any number of things, both related and unrelated to their professional responsibilities.
Abnormal Uterine Contractions
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
Prolonged latent phase: This is a condition where women experience uterine contractions that are strong enough to cause pain but do not improve and remain ineffective in bringing out a change in cervical dilation. It means there are inadequate or hypotonic contractions. The polarity is maintained. Usually, it does not exhaust the woman, but if active labour fails to establish, the woman becomes tired even before she goes into established labour. Therefore, the latent phase is the time from the onset of perceived painful uterine contractions till the beginning of the active phase of labour. This phase helps to soften and efface the cervix. This phase is likely to be more marked in those who had not undergone prelabour changes in the cervix. It is more likely also in those with occiput posterior position, those undergoing induction of labour, and those who develop premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, and multiple gestations. Psychological factors such as anxiety and fear can also play a role. It can also be associated with injudicious use of sedatives and analgesics. Past dates and chorioamnionitis have also been found to be associated with prolonged latent phase in a multigravida.1 Prolonged latent phase with the cervix opened to 1–2 cm is also a forerunner for difficult labour and occult cephalopelvic disproportion, emergency caesarean section, and adverse outcomes.2,3
Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
With frequent panic attacks and avoidance behaviors, drug therapy plus intensive psychotherapy is needed. Antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and combinations of these can be helpful. When antidepressants are used with benzodiazepines, it is usually as an initial treatment. The benzodiazepines are slowly decreased in dosage and often eventually discontinued or used more sporadically. Some patients respond well only to combination therapy. Psychotherapies include exposure therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy are also used together. Exposure therapy helps patients to directly experience and confront feared situations in a controlled environment, and reduce avoidance until the fear is extinguished. Cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches how to recognize and change distorted thoughts and false beliefs, and modify behaviors to become more adaptive to situations. With diabetes, treatment may also involve relaxation training incorporating slow breathing techniques while monitoring CO2 levels in order to prevent hyperventilation. Biofeedback is an additional therapeutic technique that can improve symptoms of anxiety or panic while reducing the respiratory rate. This method gives patients visible evidence of how they are improving, thus providing them with a sense of control over their symptoms. Breathing training is helpful in panic disorder whether there is or is not any concurrent respiratory problems.
Is it Possible to Reduce Pain-Related Fear in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis? a Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Javier Martinez-Calderon, Mar Flores-Cortes, Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio, Consolación Pineda-Galán, Maria Carmen García-Rios, Marcelino Torrontegui-Duarte, Alejandro Luque-Suarez
Fear is a negative emotion that receives substantial empirical attention in the context of chronic pain (Luque-Suarez, Martinez-Calderon, and Falla, 2019; Martinez-Calderon, Flores-Cortes, Morales-Asencio, and Luque-Suarez, 2019; Vlaeyen and Linton, 2000). Fear is defined as the emotional response to an identifiable threat that causes physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to overcome that risk (Adolphs, 2013). From a pain perspective, pain-related fear encompasses different entities, such as fear avoidance beliefs, fear of falling, fear of movement, fear of pain, kinesiophobia, and anxiety related to pain (Lundberg, Grimby-Ekman, Verbunt, and Simmonds, 2011; Martinez-Calderon, Flores-Cortes, Morales-Asencio, and Luque-Suarez, 2019; Stubbs, West, Patchay, and Schofield, 2014). Fearful individuals in pain often perceive pain situations as extremely dangerous, which fosters that passive pain behaviors such as pain avoidance and pain hypervigilance are used (Leeuw et al., 2007). These people frequently report: worse postural stability (Sánchez-Herán et al., 2016); greater pain intensity (Odole, Ekediegwu, Ekechukwu, and Uchenwoke, 2019); less confidence in the knee (Skou, Rasmussen, Simonsen, and Roos, 2015); and less participation in physical activities (Gay et al., 2018). Pain-related fear is also a barrier to develop healthy behaviors (e.g. adherence) (Hurley et al., 2018) and a moderator of treatment response (e.g. knee pain and function) after exercise (Fitzgerald, White, and Piva, 2012).
The mediator role of well-being in the effect of COVID-19 anxiety on occupational commitment: research in the aviation sector
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Hülya Yüksek, Mazlum Çelik, Ahmet Keser
During the pandemic, first health fear and then economic fear and anxiety of the individuals have increased. As the fear deepens, it ultimately creates depression, and both fear and depression are associated with different forms of anxiety [37]. On the other hand, studies are attempting to understand the direct and indirect relationship between ‘fear of COVID-19’ and career anxiety [37]. It can be concluded that the anxiety of COVID-19 that occurred during the pandemic has also affected the occupational commitment of the individuals. In line with this, the following hypotheses have been suggested: H3: COVID-19 anxiety negatively affects occupational commitment.H3a: COVID-19 anxiety negatively affects affective commitment.H3b: COVID-19 anxiety negatively affects occupational continuance commitment.H3c: COVID-19 anxiety negatively affects occupational normative commitment.
COVID-19 and Sexual Desire: Perceived Fear Is Associated with Enhanced Relationship Functioning
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
David L. Rodrigues, Justin J. Lehmiller
This theory is particularly relevant in the context of COVID-19 because it can help us understand how stressors imposed by the pandemic (e.g., social isolation), together with mortality and health threat awareness, shaped individual responses at the onset of the pandemic (for discussions, see Ahmed et al., 2021; Courtney et al., 2020). Of particular interest to our research, coping mechanisms to deal with fear and threat also include relationship processes (for a review, see Plusnin et al., 2018). Previous research has shown that, after being reminded of their mortality (vs. control condition), individuals desired more intimacy in romantic relationships (Hirschberger et al., 2003; Mikulincer & Florian, 2000) and reported an increased desire for sex (Birnbaum et al., 2011). To the extent that mortality salience motivates individuals to pursue meaning and commitment in relationships (Florian & Mikulincer, 2002), and sexual desire signals value and compatibility in the relationship and motivates its maintenance (Birnbaum & Reis, 2019), the perception of fear caused by the pandemic (a proxy for mortality salience and health threats) may be a condition in which individuals dealing with more lifestyle changes experience heightened sexual desire and, in turn, positive relationship functioning.