China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Water/Wastewater Conveyance
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 2020
Several types of plastic pipes are available; still, where plastic pipe is commonly used in water and wastewater service, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most common plastic pipe for municipal water distribution systems. PVC is a polymer extruded (shaped by forcing through a die) under heat and pressure into a thermoplastic that is nearly inert when exposed to most acids, fuels, and corrosives. PVC is commonly used to carry cold drinking water, because PVC is non-toxic and will not affect the water’s taste or cause odor. The limitations of PVC pipe include its limited temperature range—approximately 150°–250°F—and low-pressure capability—usually 75–100 psi. Joining sections of plastic pipe is accomplished by welding (solvent, fusion, fillet), threading, and flanges.
Resilience of potable water and wastewater networks
Published in Paolo Gardoni, Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2018
Max Didier, Simona Esposito, Božidar Stojadinović
Usually, pipe and channel networks transport the water from sometimes distant sources or remote areas to the local distribution systems in urban areas, through which the water is distributed to the end consumers. Long distance transportation often happens through aqueducts, tunnels or covered channels or large-diameter pipes. Local distribution is then assured by an underground pipe network. The local pipe networks usually have a grid, loop, or tree-like network structure. In many regions and cities, the water distribution network has been constructed and extended over decades, often following the growth of the population and have a large variety of pipe and joint materials, as well as many different pipe diameters. Due to a lack of documentation, it is, however, often quite difficult to determine the exact pipe location and material, especially in some older parts of the networks. Lead pipes were often used in old systems but are not used anymore due to the adverse effects on water quality. Materials employed in recent systems include gray cast iron (CI) pipes (in use for over 100 years); ductile cast iron (DI) pipes; asbestos cement (AC) pipes; concrete or steel pipes (used especially for large-diameter water mains); high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes; and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes (Arasmith 2009). PVC pipes are corrosion-free and, therefore, PVC is used nowadays as a main material for new pipes.
Building Construction Technology and Management
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
PVC pipe: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, by far the most commonly used pipe in residential homes, is the white pipe commonly used in plumbing applications. Easy and versatile with a variety of fittings and sizes, PVC is ideal for most applications in hot and cold water. PVC functions well for home plumbing piping because over time it does not rust or corrode. It is also easy to work with, because it does not require welding or metal-working and is a cheap option for your home. The main disadvantage of the PVC pipe is that it cannot be used for hot water. PVC will warp when exposed to hot water.
Numerical study of behavior of textile-reinforced composite tubes under lateral compression
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Tube forms are frequently known for their energy-absorbing properties. They can deform plastically and can behave in the flexible manner according to the material properties. Thus, cylindrical tubes or cylindrical-formed structural units have numerous applications in automobile industry, aerospace, and offshore structures. The tube-shaped TRCCs examined in this research may be an alternative to the drainage pipe. In general, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is one of the most common materials in drainage system. However, PVC pipes have some disadvantageous due to their non-decomposing properties, and the chlorine compounds that are released into environment. In addition, the strength of plastic pipes decreases at high-temperature areas, and they can be easily cracked owing to their thinner wall. On the other hand, traditional cast iron sewer pipes are not resistant to corrosion, so they require coating. At this point, TRCC tubes have some advantages over conventional drainage pipes. Thus, this study also demonstrates the advantageous of TRCC tubes.
Effect of different design aspects of pipe for earth air tunnel heat exchanger system: A state of art
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2019
Kamal Kumar Agrawal, Rohit Misra, Ghanshyam Das Agrawal, Mayank Bhardwaj, Doraj Kamal Jamuwa
The above-mentioned research outcomes are indicative of the fact that the material of the pipe has a slight (negligible) impact on the thermal performance of EATHE system, and it is substantiated by that the thermal resistance of the pipe wall is very less as compared to the thermal resistance of the soil because the pipe wall thickness (about 3 mm) is much less than the compared to the soil thickness (≤ 1m). Therefore, the cost of pipe, durability, and resistance against corrosion are primary criterions for selecting the pipe material. Hence, PVC pipe preferred for EATHE system because it offers advantages of low cost, high corrosion resistance, flexibility, and easy installation. Furthermore, an anti-microbial coating may also be applied at the interior surface of the pipe, to make pipe hygienic.
Resilient and sustainable supply chain design: sustainability analysis under disruption risks
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Armin Jabbarzadeh, Behnam Fahimnia, Fatemeh Sabouhi
Plastic pipes have gradually supplanted competing materials (e.g. steel, copper and ductile iron) in many applications due to their low cost, installation ease and performance advantages. World demand for plastic pipe is projected to rise by approximately 6.7% per annum through 2019 to 19.3 billion metres, where polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe accounts for the largest share of demand. PVC is utilised in various fields ranging from water supply and sewage to supply of electric power. In particular, efforts to expand access to potable water and sewage systems have boosted the demand for PVC pipe in water-scarce region of the Middle East (WPP 2015). One of the leading manufacturers of PVC pipe in Middle East is Golpayegan Industrial Park (GIP). Located in Iran, GIP not only is the dominant player in the Iranian market, but also exports its products to Europe, Central Asia, Africa and the rest of the Middle East. The PVC pipe manufactured by GIP is used widely in water supply and sewage structures.