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A Recent Review on Synthesis, Potential Environmental Applications and Socio-Economic Impact of Waste-Derived Carbon Nanotubes
Published in Swamini Chopra, Kavita Pande, Vincent Shantha Kumar, Jitendra A. Sharma, Novel Applications of Carbon Based Nano-Materials, 2023
Sakshi Kabra Malpani, Ajay Kumar, Rena Hada, Deepti Goyal
Plastic waste is considered the most substantial and challenging non-biodegradable waste material in the world. Globally, it is now included as the major component in solid waste with an annual production of about 150 million tons. To utilize this abundant waste, many countries have initiated safe disposal at the household level and its recycling. Some most common plastic materials used in everyday life are polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylon. Efforts are being made not only to constrain the generation of plastic wastes and associated spoiling but also to find ways of utilizing them sustainably. These polymeric wastes can be recycled and reused in different environmental applications, such as for the synthesis of CBNs (graphenes and CNTs) composites, polymers, construction materials, paper, etc. Although the synthesis of these materials is time and energy-consuming due to high carbon content, economic, eco-friendly and self-sustaining production of CNTs can be still achieved.
Fused Deposition Modeling as a Secondary Recycling Process for the Preparation of Sustainable Structures
Published in Rupinder Singh, Ranvijay Kumar, Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling, 2022
Jaspreet Singh, Kapil Chawla, Rupinder Singh
The repeated, long-chain, and stable polymeric structure of thermoplastics does not allow them to decompose in natural atmospheric conditions and thus causes environmental contamination along with various kinds of pollution (marine and terrestrial). Recycling of plastic waste becomes an essential and advantageous method to manage the waste and protect the environment from their harmful impacts. In this book chapter, the authors initially presented a comprehensive review on the various recycling techniques adopted by the various countries and concluded that mechanical recycling was observed to be the promising technique to process the polymeric wastes as high capital investment is required to establish plants for tertiary and quaternary recycling and does not make them feasible for industries, including the undeveloped countries. The polymeric waste processed through mechanical recycling has been successfully utilized in the form of filaments by various researchers for 3D printing and FDM applications with or without the reinforcements and thus giving a second life to waste plastics.
Polymer Recycling in Malaysia
Published in R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Emin Bayraktar, Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites, 2021
The worldwide consumption of polymers, especially plastics, is progressively increasing annually. In 2017, global production for plastic amounted to 354 million tons (Wang et al., 2019). The strength, long life span, light weight, acceptable price and ease of process have attracted commercial applications. Despite all the advantages, plastics invite more critical issues at the global stage due to their recycling obstacles, energy recovery problems and degradable period that affect soil and water (Valentini et al., 2020). Hence, management of plastic wastes, sorting technologies and chemical compatibility are often stressed when considering recycling (Dorigato, 2021). Besides that, standardized methodologies such as life cycle assessment that proved the potential of recycled plastics to replace the virgin ones should be developed because it helps to overcome both economic and environmental aspects (Gu et al., 2017).
A novel circular approach to analyze the challenges associated with micro-nano plastics and their sustainable remediation techniques
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Tejaswini Mssr, Pankaj Pathak, Lakhveer Singh, Deep Raj, D. K. Gupta
Plastic is a synthetic polymer comprising a long hydrocarbon chain and derived from nonrenewable resources (petrochemicals). It can be readily molded into several valuable products due to its easy availability, inexpensive, stability and higher durability.[1] The widely used plastics in the market are polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), PE terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) etc. However, rapid urbanization has increased the consumption of plastics and is leading to the accumulation of discarded plastics in the environment.[2] It is reported that ∼8,300 million tons per year of plastic have been generated, out of which 6,300 million tons per year are discarded as waste.[2] Globally, less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled, and the remaining is discarded in aquatic and terrestrial lands.[3] Borrelle et al.[4] have reported that ∼23 million tons per year of plastic waste have entered the oceans and are majorly contributed by developing countries, such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Philippines.
Non-emission hydrothermal low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from poly (ethylene terephthalate) plastic waste for excellent supercapacitor applications
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Moses Kigozi, Gabriel N. Kasozi, Sachin Balaso Mohite, Sizwe Zamisa, Rajshekhar Karpoormath, John Baptist Kirabira, Emmanuel Tebandeke
The escalating demand for plastic products is causing plastic litter management challenges due to their single-use practices, poor recycling policies, and slow environmental degradation, affecting soil and water quality (8). There is an urgent need to address the challenge of plastic waste management to minimize plastic waste littering. The recent accumulation of plastic garbage and its detrimental effects on the environment and public health is becoming more visible. Unlike organic garbage, this strewn plastic can take hundreds to thousands of years to disintegrate in nature. The strewn plastic debris clogs drain shortens the lifespan of animals when consumed, contaminates water bodies when dumped into rivers, lakes, and oceans, and causes respiratory problems when burned. Oceans are amassing plastic in miles-wide spinning gyres. Plastic can break down into tiny particles known as microplastics that are nearly impossible to recover, disrupt food chains, and harm natural environments when exposed to UV light from the sun and other sources (9). Proper waste management can help reduce plastic waste, reduce environmental pollution effects, and enhance the recycling of new materials.
Microstructure and chemo-physical characterizations, thermal properties, and modeling of the compression stress-strain behavior of lime-based roof and screed paste
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Chiya Y. Rahimzadeh, Ahmed Salih Mohammed, Azeez A. Barzinjy
Nevertheless, several experiments have shown that elevating the curing temperature enhances the mechanical capabilities of lime-based paste and mortars (Kılıç & Sertabipoğlu, 2015; Balun & Karataş, 2021; Safari et al., 2020; Yadollahi et al., 2014; Morsy et al., 2020). Furthermore, the fiber content in the plastic improves tensile strength and prevents cracking and fracturing due to the contraction and expansion of building exterior surfaces (Ranjbar & Zhang, 2020). Stretched wires, inorganic whiskers (Cooke, 1991), inorganic materials (Bowen, 1968), alumina fibers, glass fiber (Anderegg, 1939), polycaprolactone (Bowen, 1968), and PVA fiber (Passuello et al., 2009; de França et al., 2022) are examples of fibers used in mortars that reduce their diameter, which has a direct relationship with increasing the tensile strength of mortar (Hong et al., 2020). This study aims to investigate and describe a lime-based paste as an alternative to cement-based paste, which is often used for thermal insulation. To determine the chemical content of the LRP, assess its performance of LRP based on its weight loss at elevated temperatures. Microstructure tests and other material analyses, including SEM images and heat flow, were conducted to characterize the structure and morphology of powder states and hydrated LRP. Finally, three efficient models were used to predict the compression stress-strain behaviors.