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Inherent Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Published in Aidé Sáenz-Galindo, Adali Oliva Castañeda-Facio, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Green Chemistry and Applications, 2020
M. Andrade-Guel, C. Cabello-Alvarado, Carolina Caicedo, Leticia Melo, C. Ávila-Orta
On the other hand if dangerous materials are handled, some safe solutions can be the following: to minimize dangerous material using only a small portion of it in order to avoid significant risk, replacing the harmful product by a non-harmful or attenuating or moderating the product or element; this means to use dangerous material in a less risky way with storage at a low temperature and low pressure, and also to corroborate refrigeration equipments having no leakages (Kletz, 2003). Considering some of these solutions and the organization of chemical industry, inherent safety must be followed when handling dangerous materials. Four catergories have been classified to reduce accident frequency, in descending order of feasibility and strength: Inherent. Danger elimination by use of non dangerous materials and processes.Passive. Minimize risk by a characteristic process and equipment design.Active. Use of controls, emergency shut off systems, mitigation devices like sprinklers, active systems to detect danger and take corrective actions.Procedure. Using operative and administrative procedure like response controls to face emergencies and management to prevent accidents (Hendershot, 1997).
Concurrent Engineering Design and Manufacturing
Published in Weiming Shen, Douglas H. Norrie, Jean-Paul A. Barthès, Multi-Agent Systems for Concurrent Intelligent Design and Manufacturing, 2019
Weiming Shen, Douglas H. Norrie, Jean-Paul A. Barthes
Design in chemical engineering (e.g., for petrochemical plants), starts from a chemical process, which basically consists of a set of chemical reactions. A first step consists in transforming such equations into a sequence of unit operations which determine what kind of transformation will be done on the raw materials and intermediate compounds in order to obtain the final product(s). The result is usually a single blue sheet (Process Flow Sheet) together with a book containing the result of a number of computations done to validate the early design (e.g., mass balance, and heat balance, safety computations). The Process Flow Sheet is then given to the engineering bureau, where specialists do the detail design, i.e., produce a (large) number of drawings (and may build a mock-up), called Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID). The latter are used on the construction site by field engineers to actually build the plant.
Food Production and Processing
Published in Shintaro Furusaki, John Garside, L.S. Fan, The Expanding World of Chemical Engineering, 2019
Food production and processing is a major activity in the United States and elsewhere in the world. It is an essential activity which affects our health and welfare. Those who work as scientists and engineers in the food related industries include production oriented agricultural scientists (soil chemists, crop scientists, animal nutritionists, entomologists) and food processors (food scientists, chemical engineers, agricultural engineers, mechanical engineers). Chemical engineers are often found working for manufacturing companies that process agricultural raw materials into products such as ice cream, yogurt, instant coffee, and ketchup. They also work for other manufacturing companies which produce fertilizer and pesticides that are used in agricultural production or packaging materials for use in distributing food and agricultural products. Chemical engineers may also be found working for firms that design and build new manufacturing plants and for equipment manufacturing companies. Patent protection is often important in developing and marketing equipment and food products; chemical engineers with law degrees often work in patent and corporate law.
Development of contemporary engineering graduate attributes through open-ended problems and activities
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2021
Francisco Javier Gutiérrez Ortiz, John J. Fitzpatrick, Edmond P. Byrne
In terms of engineering education, this imperative has been progressed through accreditation guidelines and requirements and by emerging and contemporary pedagogical best practice (Sterling et al. 2013; Kezar, Gehrke, and Bernstein-Sierra 2018; Tassone et al. 2018). For example, the UK based Institution of Chemical Engineers’ (IChemE) policy roadmap Chemical Engineering Matters (IChemE 2016) unequivocally proclaims that ‘IChemE is an advocate for solutions that will support a safer and more sustainable world’, while exhorting educators to produce ‘a confident and outward-looking international chemical engineering community that will play its part fully in building a more sustainable future’. In a similar way, according to the Spanish Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA 2019), the objective of chemical engineering education must be to form professionals ‘in terms of quality, safety, economy, rational and efficient use of natural resources and conservation of the environment, complying with the ethical code of the profession’.
Authentic process safety decisions in an engineering ethics context: expression of student moral development within surveys and immersive environments
Published in Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 2021
Jeffrey Stransky, Cheryl A. Bodnar, Mathew Cooper, Daniel Anastasio, Daniel Burkey
A key component of engineering practice is the ethical responsibility towards the safety, health, and welfare of the public. This ethical responsibility is codified in the Codes of Ethics for many engineering societies (National Society of Professional Engineers 2020; American Institute of Chemical Engineers 2020; American Society of Mechanical Engineers 2020). Safety has been found to be the topic most often mentioned by engineering faculty who teach ethics courses, with one faculty member stating, ‘safety is 50 to 60% of ethics (Colby and Sullivan 2008), p. 330.’ This viewpoint is supported by the 2011 decision by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) requiring process safety instruction be included as part of the curriculum of chemical engineering programmes (ABET 2020).
A path forward for the engineering and technology
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Farah Mneimneh, Seeram Ramakrishna
Chemical engineering has been around as long as the process industries. Its origins can be traced back to early civilizations’ fermentation and evaporation processes. Modern chemical engineering arose with the emergence of large-scale chemical-manufacturing activities in the second half of the nineteenth century. Chemical engineering has been geared toward solving the difficulties of constructing and managing large plants for continuous production throughout its emergence as an autonomous science. Chemical engineers are engaged in plastics, polymers, synthetic fibers engineering, the pharmaceutical industry, the nuclear industry and the metals processing sector.