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Surface irrigation
Published in Mohammad Albaji, Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation, 2022
Surface irrigation is defined as the group of application techniques where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. It is by far the most common form of irrigation throughout the world and has been practiced in many areas virtually unchanged for thousands of years.
Climate Risk Management vis-à-vis Crop Productivity under Climatic Variability
Published in Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Akhlaq Amin Wani, Climate Change Alleviation for Sustainable Progression, 2022
Sukhjeet Kaur, Navneet Kaur, Abrar Yousuf, Jagdish Singh, Parminder Singh Sandhu
Sprinkler irrigation: Water is applied and sprayed on crops through pipes and rotating sprinkler heads. Though these entail more installation cost, yet these are more effective and efficient than surface irrigation.
Agriculture: Energy Use and Conservation
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Soils and Terrestrial Systems, 2020
Guangnan Chen, Tek Narayan Maraseni
Irrigation can be broadly defined as the practice of applying additional water (beyond what is available from rainfall) to soil to enable or enhance plant growth and yield. The water source could be groundwater pumped to the surface or surface water diverted from one location to another. On a global scale, it was estimated that 17% of irrigated cropland produces 40% of the total production.[33]
Some Aspects of Industrial Heap Bioleaching Technology: From Basics to Practice
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Jiafeng Li, Hongying Yang, Linlin Tong, Wolfgang Sand
At present, the two common irrigation methods are drip and spray irrigation. Drip irrigation is beneficial to heat preservation and reduced liquid evaporation. It is, therefore, suitable for cool and drought-prone areas. To achieve a uniform distribution of the microbial solution in the heap, a small dropper spacing and a low irrigation rate are recommended (Liu and Hashemzadeh 2017; Van Staden et al. 2017a). Spraying is a simple method and is more conducive to solution distribution. To ensure good substance transfer and exchange processes, the irrigation rate used with the spray method should not be too high (Vilcáez, Suto and Inoue 2008). In the practice of heap bioleaching, the recommended dropper spacing is 30–100 cm, and the drip irrigation or spray irrigation rates are generally 4–18 L/(m2∙h) (Chiume et al. 2012; Govender, Bryan and Harrison 2015; Petersen and Dixon 2007a).
The negative impact of subsidies on the adoption of drip irrigation in India: evidence from Madhya Pradesh
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2018
R. P. S. Malik, Mark Giordano, M. S. Rathore
Drip irrigation has the potential to increase water-use efficiency by slowly dripping water from small holes in plastic lines to plant roots, either directly or from the soil surface. The precise application reduces evaporative losses, as well as losses through deep percolation to the groundwater table. Drip irrigation technologies range from simple bucket-kit systems for small farms to automated systems linking release of water to soil moisture conditions measured continuously by tensiometers.