China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Forensic Assessment
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
Intellectual/cognitive assessment is essential in any thorough psychological evaluation, and particularly so in forensic assessments, where such matters as criminal responsibility or competency must be determined. An instrument commonly used for intellectual and cognitive assessments is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), which emphasizes performance and verbal skills and gives separate scores for vocabulary, arithmetic, memory span, assembly of objects, and other abilities. Some researchers have found differences in overall IQ and in subtest patterning (Dieker, 1973; Panton, 1960; Wagner and Klein, 1977; Weins, Matarazzo, and Gavor, 1959) between controls and various types of offenders. Kahn (1968) has argued that impulsive/violent/antisocial individuals routinely have higher performance than verbal IQ scores because verbal functioning requires delay of impulse expression … performance functioning, on the other hand, is closer to direct impulse expression. Consequently, individuals such as sociopaths … would have little capacity to delay impulse, and hence, function better on performance than verbal tasks. (p. 113)
“Listening to the Music of the Mind”
Published in Meidan Turel, Michael Siglag, Alexander Grinshpoon, Clinical Psychology in the Mental Health Inpatient Setting, 2019
Elaine’s battery began with an administration of The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, fourth edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2003), a test of general intellectual ability (Appendix 1). The standard administration of the WAIS is comprised of 12 subtests spanning four index domains of cognitive functioning; verbal comprehension (VCI), perceptual reasoning (PRI), working memory (WMI) and processing speed (PSI) (Wechsler, 2003). In a variety of settings, the WAIS-IV is used extensively to assess cognitive ability, with persons diagnosed as schizophrenic showing impairment relative to comparison subjects on most tasks. Though much of the research to date relies on data acquired using the WAIS-III, Michel et al. (2013) suggest that those diagnosed with schizophrenia and control group performance were comparable on tasks measuring crystallized verbal knowledge. In contrast, the schizophrenia group performed below controls on measures of perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed, with significantly greater impairments on the latter than those observed on all other index measures. A 2016 meta-analysis by Hedman et al., cautiously suggested that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia experience cognitive decline over time.
ISQ – Psychology
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
The WAIS-III for ages 16 years and above consists of two areas: — Verbal set: divided into six areas tested (digit span, vocabulary, maths, etc.)— Performance set: 11 areas (picture completion, block design, etc.).
A hypothesis on Cotard’s syndrome as an evolution of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
Michele Fabrazzo, Lisa Giannelli, Serena Riolo, Antonietta Fuschillo, Francesco Perris, Francesco Catapano
She was hospitalised for the first time in our inpatient unit 3 years ago. At admission, the neurological evaluation was negative, and the EEG showed a cerebral electrical activity within the standard limits. The ECG recorded sinus rhythm with the following values: HR 90 bpm, QTc 0.412, QT 0.34. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) final score was 52, which indicated a mild/moderate cognitive impairment. Additionally, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) (Goodman et al., 1989) evidenced a total score of 9/40, thus showing no longer obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) (Eisen et al., 1998) evaluated the patient’s degree of conviction and insight concerning her beliefs. The total score of 22/24 indicated a lack of insight along with delusional beliefs. Approximately 2 years before admission, our patient underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast that did not show any alterations. She was discharged after 40 days under a therapy of aripiprazole combined with escitalopram, at therapeutic doses.
The functional impact of cognition in adults with autism spectrum disorders
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV, [21]) is one of the most commonly used intelligence tests for adults. An Index Score (mean = 100, s.d.=15) is generated for Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) and for each of the four indexes; Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Comprehension Index (PCI), Working Memory Index (WMI) and Processing Speed Index (PSI). Both WMI and PSI target different aspects of executive functions. WMI requires working memory and cognitive flexibility and PSI requires, besides visual processing ability, organized response strategy, cognitive flexibility, and concentration. Twenty-eight of the participants were assessed with the WAIS-IV. Two of the participants were assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third edition [22]. WAIS-III has a similar construction as WAIS-IV and also generates FSIQ, VCI, PCI, WMI and PSI. WAIS-III has been found to correlate strongly with WAIS-IV. Reported corrected correlations between WAIS-IV and WAIS-III indexes are between r=0.84 – 0.91 and for FSIQ r=0.94 [21].
Preserved intellectual functioning in Korsakoff’s syndrome? Actual and premorbid intelligence in patients with major or mild alcohol-related cognitive disorder
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2019
Rhody Haalboom, Loes van Aken, Serge J. W. Walvoort, Jos I. M. Egger, Roy P. C. Kessels
Intelligence testing took place after a period of at least six weeks of abstinence of alcohol to avoid the (sub)acute effects of alcohol on the brain, the effects from withdrawal symptoms on cognition and the ongoing recovery of cognitive functions (Mann, Günther, Stetter, & Ackermann, 1999; Rosenbloom & Pfefferbaum, 2008). Data collection was part of a more extensive neuropsychological assessment, performed by a qualified neuropsychologist. The WAIS-IV was administered and scored according to the guidelines described in the test’s manual (Wechsler, 2012a). The standardized age-adjusted scaled subtest scores were used for all analyses. The Dutch version of the NART was scored according to the Dutch guidelines described in the manual (Schmand et al., 1991), with age correction according to Mulder, Dekker, and Dekker (1996), converted to an IQ estimate.