China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Management of Neurologic and Psychiatric Illness in the Patient with Heart Failure
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Evangelos Pavlos Myserlis, Grigorios Kalaitzidis
Cognition is a term used to describe the ability of an individual to perceive information, learn and remember specific information, and use this knowledge to problem-solve and reason in newly encountered situations. Cognition can be categorized into specific cognitive domains that can be separately defined and evaluated (Table 25.1). Cognitive impairment refers to a global deterioration in cognitive function, which can be assessed using a variety of neuropsychological tests (Table 25.2). Three cognitive impairment syndromes are important in clinical practice: dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and delirium (Table 25.3). The first two syndromes represent a chronic, gradual decline in cognition and will be discussed as one entity, whereas the latter is an acute change in cognitive function and will be presented separately.
Essential Oils: Clinical Perspectives And Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Jugreet Bibi Sharmeen, Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi
Likewise, Jimbo et al. (2004) studied the effect of aromatherapy on dementia patients. The therapy consisted of the use of rosemary and lemon EOs in the morning, and lavender and orange EOs in the evening. Moreover, the evaluation was done before and after the control period, after aromatherapy, and after the washout period (28 days). Patients showed significant improvement in personal orientation associated with cognitive function after the therapy. Especially, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) demonstrated significant progress in total Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale scores. Besides, no adverse effects associated with the use of aromatherapy was reported, suggesting that aromatherapy can be an efficacious non-pharmacological therapy with the potential of improving cognitive function in dementia as well as in AD patients.
The Convergence of Digital Health Technologies: The Role of Digital Therapeutics in the Future Healthcare System
Published in Oleksandr Sverdlov, Joris van Dam, Digital Therapeutics, 2023
Joris van Dam, Justin Wright, Graham Jones
There is a dearth of available tools and interventions in the field of CNS illnesses, aside from physiologic symptoms with well-understood traits or post-mortem cranial analyses for disease-related pathologies. In this regard, digital endpoints and digital therapeutics could likely have a marked impact. While the purpose of a digital therapeutic (to intervene) is different from the purpose of a digital measurement or diagnostic (to assess), these technologies are poised for rapid convergence. First, the technical solutions are highly interconnected. An exercise assessment at a local gym can be easily extended into a personalized daily exercise routine to improve function. A measurement test for cognitive functioning can easily be expanded into a therapeutic intervention to train cognitive function. An exercise assessment at a local gym can be easily extended into a personalized daily exercise routine to improve function. A digital measurement application on a person's smartphone that assesses mood from voice modulations can easily trigger intervention from a digital therapeutic app delivering cognitive behavioral therapy. And technically, digital therapeutic applications can be easily loaded as firmware on any digital measurement device. E.g., a pill-dispensing device that also provides medication management support. Digital endpoints for early diagnosis appear to be exceptionally well suited to trigger digital therapeutics for early preventive care.
An insight into the neuroprotective effects and molecular targets of pomegranate (Punica granatum
) against Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Namy George, Majed AbuKhader, Khalid Al Balushi, Bushra Al Sabahi, Shah Alam Khan
Ropacki et al. studied the protective effect of consumption of pomegranate extract in 10 post-cardiac surgery patients. The postoperative memory dysfunction is a common complaint after heart surgery. Patients were supplemented with 2 g of pomegranate extract (in 2 POMx pills) or placebo (pills without pomegranate extract) per day from one week before surgery and up to six weeks after surgery. The placebo group showed memory deficit while the pomegranate extract treated group showed protection and improved retention of memory assessed through various neuropsychological tests [125]. Bellone et al. conducted a randomized clinical trial in post ischemic stroke patients after 2 weeks of the ischemic attack. The placebo group was treated with pills that contained lactose and the experimental group was administered with pills containing 1 g of polyphenols extracted from whole pomegranate. Neuropsychological testing and functional independent scores were studied to see the significance of administering pomegranate extracts for cognitive and functional improvement of the patients after ischemic stroke. Significant improvement in the cognitive function was observed in the study. Furthermore, pomegranate extract treatment also reduced the hospital admission time in comparison to the placebo group. However, the authors recommended to conduct larger clinical trials to gain better clarity on its mechanism of action and dose administration [123].
Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Functioning among Oldest Old Adults: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2023
Peter Martin, Yasuyuki Gondo, Gina Lee, John L. Woodard, L. Steven Miller, Leonard W. Poon
Cognitive reserve has not widely been studied among the oldest-old (often defined as 85 years and older) population. Lavrencic et al. (2018) examined a link between cognitive reserve and cognitive function among the oldest-old population. They reported that higher cognitive reserve (i.e., education, occupation-based social class, marital status, engagement in mental activities, social participation, and physical activity level) was associated with a reduced prevalence of dementia and better cognitive performance among oldest-old adults. Another study linked more education with lower dementia prevalence (Corrada, Brookmeyer, Berlau, Paganini-Hill, & Kawas, 2008) and less cognitive impairment (Goveas et al., 2016; Yaffe et al., 2011) among oldest-old women. However, as Lavrencic et al. (2018) pointed out, some studies failed to find a relationship between education and dementia incidence, and these conflicting results may be due to an overreliance on education as a cognitive reserve index. More work is needed to assess additional cognitive reserve components among oldest-old adults. Kliegel, Zimprich, and Rott (2004), for example, indicated that intellectual activities before age 80 and educational level were associated with better cognitive functioning in a sample of centenarians.
Current advances in the pharmacological prevention and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Angelo Bellinvia, Emilio Portaccio, Maria Pia Amato
As for symptomatic treatments, dalfampridine appears to be the only medication with robust evidence of a positive effect on cognition. The definition of clinically meaningful change/improvement remains an unmet need critical to adequately assess the impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments on cognitive outcomes in MS patients. Moreover, future studies should assess the role of other patient-related factors (such as sex, cognitive reserve, physical activity, leisure activities) which can be associated with a better response to treatments also in terms of cognitive outcomes. Finally, investigating the possible effect of multimodal interventions (e.g. DMT escalation combined with a symptomatic treatment and transcranial magnetic stimulation and/or a tailored cognitive rehabilitation) targeting also environmental and lifestyle risk factors for cognitive deterioration is an important point to be addressed in the future. In such an approach, the role of the neuropsychologist is crucial, from the comprehensive assessment of cognitive functions to the development of tailored rehabilitative interventions, monitoring of treatment response and management of mood and psychological comorbidities impacting cognition.