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Knowledge and intelligence
Published in Justin Amery, The Integrated Practitioner, 2022
We often think of intelligence as something that can be measured, for example by the IQ test. This suggests that intelligence might be a concrete entity which is empirically observable. However, while researchers have demonstrated some validity in IQ testing, they have also shown that IQ is not concrete, and can vary according to time, genetic, environmental and personal factors.51
Professional identity in medicine
Published in Roger Ellis, Elaine Hogard, Professional Identity in the Caring Professions, 2020
Stuart Lane, Christopher Roberts
Experimentation is a vital part of learning, since when learners experiment, they are more likely to make mistakes, and learning from making mistakes is vital for the development of mastery and for developing cognitive resilience.20 These are the principles developed from the work of Dr. Carol Dweck who outlines the connection between experimentation and the development of cognitive resilience in her theory of ‘Growth Mindset’. Dweck describes how individuals can be placed on a continuum according to their implicit views of where ability comes from. Some individuals believe that their success is based on innate ability, and these people are said to demonstrate a ‘fixed’ theory of intelligence. Other individuals believe that their success is based on hard work, learning, training and doggedness and are said to demonstrate a ‘growth’ theory of intelligence. Individuals may not necessarily have an awareness of their own mindset; however, it can still be discerned on the basis of their behaviour, especially in their reaction to failure. Fixed-mindset individuals are terrified of failure, as they see it is a negative statement on their basic abilities, while growth mindset individuals do not have a fear of failure to the same degree, as they realise their performance can be improved and from failure they can learn.21 These two mindsets play an important role in all aspects of a person's life, not just their professional practice. Dweck argues that the development of a growth mindset will allow a person to live a less stressful and more successful life.
Beyond the myth of perfect health
Published in Silvia Bonino, Coping with Chronic Illness, 2020
But why is everyone called to do their best within the constraints and possibilities they have? There is an intrinsic reason, linked to human nature, to its characteristics of individuality at the same time biological, psychological and social, and this reason lies in the search for a better adaptation to the surrounding world. When we speak of adaptation, we do not refer to the passive adaptation to situations, as is often understood in common language, but to the active search for an optimal relationship with reality, as biology and psychology teach us. All living organisms try to establish an adaptative relationship with the environment in which they live, that is, a balance between the organism’s action on the environment and the reverse action, so as to guarantee the maximum degree of survival to self and to one’s own species. Intelligence is nothing but the higher form of biological adaptation; it has reached its maximum development in the human being, gifted with thought. For the human being it is not only a matter of guaranteeing physical survival for himself and the species, but of establishing an optimal relationship through which one can live at best on a psychological and social level, and be able to achieve the maximum well-being possible.
Do education, sex, and age moderate the relationship of intelligence and creativity with sexual desire?
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2023
Marzieh Barazandeh, Mohammad Ali Besharat, Ali Moghadamzadeh
In addition to the above-mentioned variables, intelligence and creativity are also among factors shown to be associated with sexual desire (DeMartino, 2013; Glover et al., 1989; Hegarty, 2007). Indeed, general intelligence is a highly practical ability that influences many aspects of human well-being (Gottfredson, 2004). This construct carries many different meanings (Goldstein, 2015; Naglieri & Kaufman, 2001); for example, while Gardner (1993) defined intelligence as the ability to solve problems, Binet and Simon (1916) believed that intelligence refers to making a judgment and the ability to understand, analyze, and adapt to the environment effectively. Today, intelligence is defined as what is measured by intelligence tests (Deary et al., 2007). Given the importance of the intelligence construct, its relationships with many other variables have been investigated including but not limited to memory (Burgess et al., 2011), physical health (Deary et al., 2010), rational thinking (Stanovich et al., 2013), and creativity (Barron, 1963; Getzels & Jackson, 1962; Guilford, 1967; Wallach & Kogan, 1965). There is also evidence indicating that intelligence is related to sexuality; for instance, in their study, Greengross and Miller (2011) showed that intelligence has a positive relationship with sexual desire. Also, DeMartino (2013) indicated that intelligent women have more sexual drive compared to other women. Finally, in another study, top students have shown to be more capable of postponing their sexual activity than other students (Halpern et al., 2000).
Circadian preference and intelligence – an updated meta-analysis
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Péter P. Ujma, Vsevolod Scherrer
Intelligence can be defined as “a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience” (Gottfredson 1997). In psychometric practice, intelligence is estimated from the sum scores or factor scores of cognitive test batteries with a generally abstract content. Psychometric intelligence shows high convergent validity across tests, with manifest correlations of ~0.7–0.8 (Jensen 1980) and latent correlations often approaching 1 (Johnson et al. 2004, 2008). Results in different intelligence tests and even in small ad-hoc batteries of various cognitive tests seem to be affected by the same underlying trait of general intelligence, even if they measure it to a different extent (Major et al. 2011).
Artificial Intelligence: Its future in the health sector and its role for medical education
Published in Journal of European CME, 2021
Peter A. Henning, Jacqueline Henning, Katharina Glück
No, it is not. “Intelligence“ comes in completely different flavours, of which four distinct types must be mentioned, each of them represented also in modern computer science by particular approaches: Derivation of rules from the analysation of large amounts of data, representing the cognitive task of model building from experience.Rule-Based Systems, or semantic technologies that unveil knowledge hidden in collections of existing facts and relations.Pattern recognition and classification based on large amounts of training data, but without explicit rules.Orchestration of intelligent constituents, possibly also including other specialised AI instances and humans in the loop.