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Cancer
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
In addition to the cancer risk of cigarette smoking: Cigar smoking on a regular basis increases risk of cancers of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus (American Cancer Society, 2021).Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is linked in emerging data (currently mostly from case-control studies rather than prospective cohorts) with two to four times increased risk of lung and oral cancers (Waziry et al., 2017).Smokeless tobacco products marketed in the US include chewing tobacco and snuff. Use of smokeless tobacco increases risk of oral cancer especially, as well as esophageal and pancreatic cancers (Warnakulasuriya & Straif, 2018; Wyss et al., 2016).E-cigarettes may also be called “e-cigs,” “vapes,” “e-hookahs,” “vape pens,” and “electronic nicotine delivery systems.” Research is still underway regarding long-term health effects. However, it’s well established that e-cigarette aerosol contains nicotine, as well as cancer-causing chemicals and ultra-fine particles that reach deep into lungs (American Cancer Society, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “About Electronic Cigarettes”).
Developing Treatment for Tobacco Addicted Youth-Issues and Challenges
Published in Eric F. Wagner, Nicotine Addiction Among Adolescents, 2018
Jack E. Henningfield, Tula Michaelides, Steve Sussman
Cigar smoking is the most recently documented form of increasing tobacco use among youth. Data from the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey showed that "past 30 day cigar smoking prevalence among males was 31%, and nearly 11% of females had smoked a cigar in the past month" (Gerlach et al., 1998). Between 1986-1992, older males were more likely than younger males to have ever smoked cigars, but there was an increase in prevalence of cigar smoking among younger, 18-24 year old males between 1992-1993 and 1995-1996. Overall, cigar smoking increased nearly 50% from 1993 to 1997 (Gerlach et al., 1998). Moreover, cigar smoking youth, as are smokeless tobacco using youth, are much more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and smoke marijuana than are non-cigar and non-smokeless tobacco users (Gerlach et al., 1998).
Indoor Air Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Cigarette and cigar smoking are usually considered a health hazard only to the smoker, but nonsmokers's irritative and allergic responses to the smoke of both indicate that they can be adversely affected by the smoking of others. The products of cigarette smoke include a wide range of gaseous and particulate contaminants that exacerbate the chemically sensitive.
Trends in the use of cigarettes, cigars, and marijuana among students with and without asthma, 2003–2017
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2020
Sherry Everett Jones, Brian A. King, Zanie Leroy
Logistic regression models indicate significant linear declines in current cigarette smoking and current cigar smoking among students with and without asthma during 2003–2017 (both p < 0.05) (Table 3). Current cigarette smoking significantly decreased from 25.2% to 10.7% among students with asthma, and from 22.1% to 8.2% among students without asthma. Current cigar smoking significantly decreased from 15.8% to 9.7% among students with asthma, and from 13.8% to 7.3% among students without asthma. No significant interaction was observed by time and asthma status. No significant linear change in current marijuana use was observed during 2003–2017 for either students with asthma or those without asthma.
Co-use of cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol during adolescence: policy and regulatory implications
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2018
Nicolas J. Schlienz, Dustin C. Lee
The concerns related to co-use are wide-ranging. For example, tobacco use is associated with a greater probability of cannabis use initiation (Ramo, Liu, & Prochaska, 2012) and is a significant predictor of cannabis relapse (Budney, Hughes, Moore, & Novy, 2001; Haney et al., 2013) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) (Agrawal & Lynskey, 2009; Hindocha et al., 2015; Peters, Budney, & Carroll, 2012). Conversely, cannabis use predicts the onset and escalation of tobacco smoking (Patton, Coffey, Carlin, Sawyer, & Lynskey, 2005; Rubinstein, Rait, & Prochaska, 2014), and cannabis use among tobacco smokers predicts poorer tobacco cessation outcomes (Amos, Wiltshire, Bostock, Haw, & McNeill, 2004; Ford, Vu, & Anthony, 2002). Simultaneous use of cannabis and tobacco (e.g. mixing tobacco and cannabis in blunts or spliffs) leads to further risks. Cigar smoking is associated with ingestion of greater levels of toxicants and carcinogens than cigarettes; however, many young people may not consider a cigar or blunt wrapper to be a tobacco product (e.g. Wackowski & Delnevo, 2015), which might reduce or eliminate perceived harms of blunt use and decrease motivation to quit. Individuals that use cannabis and tobacco simultaneously have cannabis-related problems of greater severity (Cohn et al., 2015; Fairman, 2015; Ream, Benoit, Johnson, & Dunlap, 2008), lesser motivation to quit tobacco (Hindocha, Freeman, Ferris, Lynskey, & Winstock, 2016), and increased odds of initiating cigarette smoking and later development of nicotine dependence (Hu, Muthén, Schaffran, Griesler, & Kandel, 2008; Timberlake, 2009) compared with non-simultaneous users. Cannabis and tobacco co-use is associated with a greater likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for both cannabis and nicotine dependence, in addition to heavier cannabis use patterns (Rubinstein et al., 2014; Schauer & Peters, 2018). Quantity and frequency of alcohol use, including binge drinking, is also greater among cannabis and tobacco co-users (Schauer & Peters, 2018).