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Stimulants and psychedelics
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
ICD-10 includes diagnostic criteria for caffeine dependence (WHO, 1993) but DSM-5 does not, though it does list caffeine use disorder in the emerging disorders section of the manual (American Psychiatric Association and American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force, 2013). The American Psychiatric Association (APA) acknowledged that there was sufficient evidence to create a diagnostic model for caffeine dependence but noted that its clinical significance is unclear. Nonetheless, it does include criteria for caffeine intoxication, caffeine withdrawal, and other caffeine-induced disorders (e.g., caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, and caffeine-induced sleep disorder). Diagnostic criteria for acute intoxication due to use of stimulants, including caffeine, and a withdrawal state, in ICD-10 have been presented in the amphetamine section of this chapter (WHO, 1993). Diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 for Caffeine Intoxication require recent consumption of a high dose of caffeine, five (or more) from a list of 12 symptoms, and clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning (American Psychiatric Association and American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. 2013). Criteria for Caffeine Withdrawal require prolonged use of caffeine, abrupt cessation or reduction in use, three (or more) from a list of five symptoms, and clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning (ibid.).
Caffeinism: History, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Published in Barry D. Smith, Uma Gupta, B.S. Gupta, Caffeine and Activation Theory, 2006
Iulian Iancu, Ahikam Olmer, Rael D. Strous
Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, which can occur during caffeine intoxication, is a DSM-IV diagnosis. The clinical picture may be similar to generalized anxiety disorder and the patient is irritable, wired, anxious, and insomniac. The diagnosis of caffeine-induced anxiety disorder depends upon linking the use of caffeine to the anxiety symptoms of concern. A trial of caffeine abstinence may aid in clarifying the diagnosis (Bruce & Lader, 1989). Patients with caffeine-induced intoxication may also be hard to differentiate from patients with exacerbations of schizophrenia, manic–depressive disorder, other anxiety disorders, and especially organic psychoses. The differential diagnosis also is important in restless children who have been exposed to caffeine (vs. attention deficit disorder) (Haddad & Winchester, 1983).
Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal mood disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Climacteric, 2023
J. Wang, Y. Liao, Y. You, W. Liang, L. Wan, H. Yang, J. Liu, Y. Li, X. Wang, G. Nie
We recruited women diagnosed with menopause syndrome. The diagnostic criteria are based on the Clinical Practice Guideline of Chinese Medicine Climacteric Syndrome of the China Association of Chinese Medicine in 2012: women aged 40–60 years; with menstrual disorders or amenorrhea, or had a history of bilateral ovary function injury caused by surgical removal of bilateral ovaries and other factors; with menopause-related symptoms; and serum follicle stimulating hormone > 10 U/l. The inclusion criteria were as follows: Chinese menopausal women aged 41–60 years; follicle stimulating hormone > 15 IU/l; had to meet the menopausal syndrome diagnostic criteria; were diagnosed with mood disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV); had to have moderate or severe anxiety symptoms (self-rating anxiety scale [SAS] ≥ 62) and/or with moderate depression symptoms (73 < self-rating depression scale [SDS] ≥ 62); and for the 3 months before the study, had to have taken no MHT, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, phytoestrogen or Chinese medicine, and could not have received psychotherapy or behavioral therapy. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with depression with suicidal thoughts; participants who had been diagnosed with other disorders according to DSM-IV, such as schizophrenia, psychotic disorder, psychosis, dementia, amnesia, anorexia, bulimia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, clinically significant cognitive impairment, manic episodes, post-traumatic stress disorder, antisocial or borderline personality disorder, clinically important personality disorder, bipolar schizophrenia and alcohol or substance abuse or dependence; women with other uncontrolled and/or diagnosed internal medical conditions that could interfere with the study treatment, for example, hepatic or renal dysfunction, thrombophlebitis, thrombotic diseases, cerebrovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes, myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease, thyroid disease or any kind of cancer; and participants who were allergic to the trial medication. All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study.