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Insomnia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that makes it hard to fall asleep (sleep latency), hard to stay asleep, and/or hard to get back to sleep. Insomnia has also been associated with a higher risk of developing chronic diseases.1 There are many possible psychological and medical causes of insomnia. Psychological causes can be bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety or psychotic disorders. Some medical causes include chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, congestive heart failure, angina, acid-reflux disease (GERD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, sleep apnea, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, hormonal imbalances, hyperthyroidism, arthritis, brain lesions, tumors, and stroke.1 Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, alpha or beta blockers, statins, ACE, or cholinesterase inhibitors) can also cause insomnia.
Digital Therapeutics for Sleep and Mental Health
Published in Oleksandr Sverdlov, Joris van Dam, Digital Therapeutics, 2023
Peter Hames, Christopher B. Miller
The currently available treatments for insomnia can be broadly categorized into psychological (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) and pharmacological (e.g., sleep-promoting medications) approaches. Their use is dependent, amongst other factors, on whether treatment is being administered in the short ( weeks) or longer-term (Xu and Anderson, 2019). Short-term treatment of insomnia may include pharmacological approaches if cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia is not available. However, the efficacy of sleep-promoting medications for treating insomnia in the longer term is limited and generally not recommended because of the potential for harm (Qaseem et al., 2016; Riemann et al., 2017). This is why CBT is considered the first-line treatment for insomnia (Qaseem et al., 2016).
Fatal Familial Insomnia
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
The specific genetic mutations of FFI have been identified, and some options for disease management have been investigated (e.g., Schenkein & Montagna, 2006). However, there is currently no cure or standard treatment, and attempting to treat insomnia with sleep-inducing drugs seems to worsen the symptoms (Lindsley, 2017). Yes, that's right, sleeping pills actually make the problem worse for these poor people. Fortunately, FFI is rare, but it has been found in families across the world (Montagna et al., 2003). It affects only about one out of every 30 million people (Lindsley, 2017). So, statistically speaking, you probably won't develop it. Sleep tight?
Association between older subjective age and poor sleep quality: a population-based study
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Jee-Eun Yoon, Dana Oh, Inha Hwang, Jung Ah Park, Hee-Jin Im, Robert J. Thomas, Daeyoung Kim, Kwang Ik Yang, Min Kyung Chu, Chang-Ho Yun
Our findings complement prior research by demonstrating that age perception is associated with or indicates sleep disturbances (Sabatini et al., 2021a; Stephan et al., 2017). Previous studies have shown that feeling older is related to worse sleep over time, independent of CA and other demographic factors, sleep medications, and psychological and chronic conditions. One study focused on various aspects of sleep and insomnia symptoms, including trouble falling asleep, difficulty in staying asleep, awakening early in the morning, and experiencing non-restorative sleep (Stephan et al., 2017). It also found that feeling older was a significant predictor of major sleep difficulties at follow-ups ranging from 3 to 10 years later, independent of higher depressive symptoms, anxiety, and chronic conditions. The other study also found cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between nine indicators of subjective sleep difficulties and awareness of negative age-related change in a large sample of British individuals over 50 years (Sabatini et al., 2021a).
Examining whether Changes in Sleep Habits Predict Long-Term Sustainment of Treatment Gains in Individual Remitted from Insomnia after CBT-I
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Parky H. Lau, Onkar S. Marway, Nicole E. Carmona, Colleen E. Carney
Future research would benefit from further study of individuals who relapsed after CBT-I. In this study, an overwhelming majority of participants retained good sleeper status at the 1-year mark, which speaks to the robust effects of CBT-I. However, there is clinical utility in understanding the trajectory for participants who experienced a relapse and evaluating important predictors of outcomes in this population. Additionally, we did not find any significant changes in bedtime or rise time variability over time. Given that reducing variability in sleep schedules is implicated as an important aspect of treatment for chronic insomnia in past studies (Cunningham & Shapiro, 2018), this is one important area to further explore. This may be particularly valuable in populations in which variable sleep schedules play a significant role in sleep problems, such as adolescents and young adults (e.g., Ghekiere et al., 2019).
A Scoping Study of Insomnia Symptoms in School Teachers
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Madelaine Gierc, Robyn A. Jackowich, Sandra Halliday, Judith R. Davidson
Symptoms of insomnia include difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and/or waking too early in the morning. Chronic insomnia disorder applies when these symptoms occur at least three times per week, are associated with impaired functioning, and persist for at least three months (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014). People with chronic insomnia often experience irritability and depressive symptoms (Baglioni et al., 2011) and show impairments in cognitive functioning, especially attention, reaction time, problem solving, and working memory (Wardle-Pinkston et al., 2019). Over time, insomnia increases the likelihood of developing major depressive disorder, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes (Baglioni et al., 2011; LeBlanc et al., 2018; Sofi et al., 2014). These difficulties may have negative repercussions on teachers’ classroom performance given that teachers’ emotional wellbeing predicts effective classroom management, positive teacher-student interactions, and an enhanced learning environment (Jennings & Greenberg, 2009).