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Fundamentals of Infrared Thermal Imaging
Published in U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer, Artificial Intelligence-Based Infrared Thermal Image Processing and Its Applications, 2023
U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer
Jakkaw and Onoye (2020) monitored the respiratory activity and body movements during the sleep using the thermal imaging technique. The breathing patterns are detected during sleeping and identifying the sleep disorders such as sleep apnea caused due to hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and arrhythmia. Hence, the authors demonstrated the non-contact method of respiratory and body movement detection using a thermal camera which detects the temperature changes due to breathing patterns. The thermal video frames of subjects in sleeping mode are considered the input images. The images are pre-processed using the Gaussian filter. In the respiration-monitoring method, ROIs are automatically detected from the input images by means of identifying the highest temperature point and massive portions of the high-temperature area. For automated ROI detection of the thermal image, sleeping position is considered. The highest temperature points are detected in the image by using minimum and maximum intensities found in the image. The maximum pixel intensities are associated with the highest temperature of the body. After determining the pixel at the center of the observation area, a rectangular ROI of pixel size either 10 × 10, 25 × 25, or 50 × 50 is applied. Among the ROI used, empirical research result shows that 50 × 50 pixels produced very good accuracy in compliance with an original frame 640 × 480. The massive portions of the high-temperature area are detected using the thresholding method. A threshold value of 176 was set, which produced best results in segregating the human skin area from the background.
Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Sleep apnea may be linked to diabetes, which can repeatedly stop airflow during breathing. Sleep apnea involves loud snoring and pauses in breathing. Overweight patients may have more fat deposits around their upper airways, which obstruct breathing. Untreated or undiagnosed sleep apnea has serious complications. These include diabetes, glaucoma, myocardial infarction, cancer, and cognitive or behavioral disorders.
Lifestyle and Its Relationship to Pain
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Numerous studies have shown the importance of treating sleep apnea for its co-morbidity with several conditions. Aytekin et al. investigated the presence of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and showed a 55.4% prevalence.40
Interaction between slow wave sleep and elevated office blood pressure in non-hypertensive obstructive sleep apnea patients: a cross-sectional study
Published in Blood Pressure, 2023
Ning Xia, Hao Wang, Lin Zhang, Xiao-Jun Fan, Xiu-Hong Nie
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea during sleep that leads to intermittent hypoxemia and arousals [11]. There are accumulating evidences that OSA increased incidence of hypertension compared with individuals without OSA [2,12–14], and the different measurements of BP had the same results [2,12,15]. SWS is significantly reduced because of frequent respiratory events in OSA patients [16,17]. Recently, in a cross-sectional study, Ren et al. [18] found decreased SWS was associated with higher risk for hypertension in OSA patients than primary snoring, especially in men and younger patients. Moreover, Zhang et al. [19] demonstrated the incidence of hypertension was increased in patients with lower SWS percentage and OSA. However, the subjects of two studies included patients with hypertension. Almost half of the patients were diagnosed with hypertension in the two studies, which may produce confusion on the relationship of SWS and BP. Up to now, the association between decreased SWS and incident elevated office BP in non-hypertensive OSA patients has not been determined. The presence of obstructive sleep apnea and chronic diseases can worsen the prognosis of sleep problems in non hypertensive people. Therefore, we sought to determine whether low proportion of SWS is associated with incident elevated office BP in a large cohort of non-hypertensive OSA patients.
Influence of smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in university students: a cross-sectional study
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Soo Jin Kwon, Yoonjung Kim, Yeunhee Kwak
Moreover, ADHD symptoms are closely associated with sleep status.20 It has been reported that 30% of children with ADHD and 60–80% of adults with the condition have sleep disorder symptoms of varying degrees.21 Children with ADHD symptoms manifest sleep disorders such as difficulty in falling asleep, awakening often during sleep, unstable sleep patterns, dozing during the day, and bed-wetting.22 Children with sleep-disordered breathing such as sleep apnea also show ADHD symptoms, which decrease when sleep-disordered breathing is treated with surgery.23 Further, adult ADHD is associated with higher levels of general sleep impairment and specific sleep-related problems, including self-reported restless legs syndrome and cataplexy.24 A study with young adults reported that the severity of insomnia is associated with the presence of probable ADHD.25 It is important to investigate sleep disturbances in relation to the treatment of adult ADHD; it may be expected that ADHD symptoms can be improved if the accompanying sleep disorders are appropriately treated.26 Since the etiology of sleep disturbances and ADHD is poorly understood, more research on sleep disturbances is important for understanding the etiology of ADHD.27
Secondary erythrocytosis due to hemoglobin San Diego
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
In December 2014, a 37-year-old Hispanic man with known mild asthma presented to a local physician with a hemoglobin of 19.4 g/dL, platelet count of 178 × 109/L, and white blood cell count of 6.5 × 109/L. He had fatigue and intermittent headaches. Physical examination was unremarkable. Blood film revealed normal cellular morphology. Serum chemistry, erythropoietin, and testosterone were normal. Janus Kinase-2 mutations (including exon 12 and 13) were negative (Table 1). A sleep study ruled out sleep apnea. A bone marrow biopsy revealed normocellular marrow with trilineage hematopoiesis only. A bone marrow cytogenetic study revealed 46, XY in all 20 metaphases. Abdominal ultrasound ruled out masses, cysts, or hepatosplenomegaly. The asthma appeared to be too mild to be the culprit for SE. He was diagnosed with SE of unknown etiology and underwent intermittent therapeutic phlebotomy until mid-2019.