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Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Riyasree Paul, Sourav Kabiraj, Sreejan Manna, Sougata Jana
Dermatan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide containing a disaccharide unit of glucuronic acid or N-acetyl galactosamine (Westergren-Thorsson et al. 1991). It is also known as chondroitin sulfate B. Recent investigations revealed the efficacy of dermatan sulfate as an anticoagulant and as stabilizer for cytokine growth factors (Rostand and Esko 1997).
Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Kim and his colleagues [151] showed inhibition of nitric oxide and PGE2 generation by downregulation [151]. Anti-inflammatory properties of dermatan sulfate, isolated from the Brazilian ascidian (Styela plicata) were investigated on rat colitis model. The compound effectively reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages [18].
Multiple sulfatase deficiency
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Laboratory findings in all these patients include mucopolysacchariduria (dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate). Alder-Reilly granules are found in leukocytes of the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration may be elevated. Diagnosis is made by confirming the deficiency in the activity of a number of sulfatase enzymes [12].
Endothelial dysfunction sustains immune response in atherosclerosis: potential cause for ineffectiveness of prevailing drugs
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Albeit animal studies have shown the potential of different compounds in repairing EG in vivo, they need to be proven clinically. EG is substantially reduced in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Short-term treatment (2 months) of patients with FH with rosuvastatin although normalized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, could only partially restore the EG in them [97]. Likewise, EG is profoundly decreased in type-2 DM patients. Treatment for 8 weeks with sulodexide, a combination of heparin (80%) and dermatan sulfate (20%) which acts as a precursor for glycosaminoglycan synthesis, only partially reestablished the EG in these patients [98]. Thus, complete recovery of EG by currently used drugs does not occur warranting the need for newer drug targets.
Skin proteomics – analysis of the extracellular matrix in health and disease
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Jörn Dengjel, Leena Bruckner-Tuderman, Alexander Nyström
Additional key regulators of collagen fibrillogenesis are proteoglycans and matricellular proteins. Decorin, a dermatan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate SLRP, and versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, are the most abundant proteoglycans in the skin [84]. Decorin shows a higher abundance in the papillary ECM and versican in the reticular ECM [84,85]. The importance of these proteoglycans in the skin is reflected by skin fragility in decorin-deficient mice [86] and in dermatan sulfate-deficient humans [87]. Despite being of lower abundance, also other proteoglycans are important regulators of collagen fibrillogenesis in the dermis. These include the SLRPs biglycan, lumican and fibromodulin [88]. Proteoglycans can be present without GAG substitution as just the protein core. Furthermore, although not a protein, the GAG hyaluronan, which is distributed throughout the skin, shows its highest abundance in the papillary dermis [89].
Novel methods in glycomics: a 2019 update
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Wei-Qian Cao, Ming-Qi Liu, Si-Yuan Kong, Meng-Xi Wu, Zheng-Ze Huang, Peng-Yuan Yang
Currently, Glycoworkbench is arguably the most widely used software tool in MS-based glycomic studies [230], providing computational assistance with manual annotation. A comprehensive toolbox, GRITS, was introduced recently [231]. Similar to Glycoworkbench, GRITS has a user-friendly interface for processing, annotating and archiving glycomics data. One of the major limitations of Glycworkbench and GRITS may be the lack of an algorithm for in-depth structural elucidation. Several groups have developed algorithms for structural analyzes, including GIPS [232], GlycoDeNovo [233], Glycoforest [234], GlyPick [235] and GlySeeker [236]. Most of these algorithms were developed for a specific dataset/instrument setup. Detailed information can be found in Table 1. Another interesting target in glycomic study is the glycosaminoglycan. Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharide molecules that provide the extracellular matrix with additional physical properties, including hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin and keratan sulfate. Notable software tools for glycosaminoglycans interpretation include HS-SEQ [237], GAG-ID [238–240] and GAGfinder [241].